Ducklab

Ducklab

A self-hosted harness that runs a project's full development cycle with several LLMs in fixed roles, under test gates that only you sign.

In one block: self-hosted development harness (Go engine + CLI + desktop, Linux first) · brief → requirements → spec → plan → build → review → release · verdicts are exit codes, never model opinions · local models first (llama.cpp, vLLM) beside any OpenAI-compatible or Anthropic endpoint · operable by humans or by other agents over MCP with recorded, attributed decisions · Apache-2.0 · develops itself (the run records in .ducklab/ are the receipts). Agents: start at AGENTS.md and llms.txt.

You give it a brief. It writes requirements, a spec and a plan; builds tasks with one model or several arguing; runs your project's real test gate; and stops for you before anything is committed. Every model call is logged. No model ever decides a verdict.

[A live council intake: the architect streams a requirements draft, the reviewer approves, and the run stops at a human gate]
A real council intake, recorded live and sped up: the architect streams the draft, a different model reviews it, the budget ticks in cents — and the run stops at your gate. Total cost of what you just watched: $0.07.

It was built for local models first. Two of the seats that built most of it are a vLLM box on the LAN and a llama.cpp server on localhost, both priced at zero; hosted models sit beside them in the same roster, measured by the same evidence.

Why this exists

Most agentic coding tools assume one strong model and trust it. Ducklab assumes several cheap models and trusts none of them:

• The gate decides, never a model. A verdict is a command's exit code. A test-first run measures a green baseline before any test is written, the red over the new test after, and every accept reproduces the gate from a clean checkout of the committed sha — nothing lands that did not reproduce, and an accept whose reproduction fails takes its own commit back.
• Decorrelation everywhere. A different model reviews; a reviewer never learns who wrote the code (absent from the payload, not hidden in the UI); tournament judges choose blind; council critics read the draft, not each other.
• Work is a contract. A task's deliverables are the implementer's numbered checklist; it reports on each by number, the reviewer checks each against the diff, and an undelivered item summons the rubber duck — an advisor seat that wakes only on measured distress (brake refusals, failure streaks, red gates) and answers none, a note that sends the implementer straight back to work, or stop.
• Seats are chosen on evidence. Every duckling carries a scorecard — in-seat pass rate from your own runs, cost per run, coding index — and the roster board suggests seats from it, with the ranking criteria yours to reorder. Suggestions are rare and justified: pass rates rank by their Wilson lower bound, three runs minimum, locals never win on a $0 price.
• Nothing is unbounded. Turns, tokens, cost, wallclock, tool output, shell commands — every ceiling visible and liftable mid-run, on the record.
• Your documentation is not bounded by the model's window. Attach a wiki to a stage and a big seat reads it whole; a small seat gets each document digested to fit, the full text one ref_read call away, and the gate names any document nobody opened. A 32k local model can be briefed by a quarter-million characters of reference material — the harness carries the working memory.

[The run record: 358 runs with verdicts, costs, and reproduced-green accepts]
The record does not round up: every run with its verdict, its cost, and whether its accept reproduced green from a clean checkout.

Ducklab is developed inside ducklab. The plan, the bugs, the releases and the accepted tasks went through its own loop, driven by the same local and hosted models it measures; recent features (per-run worktrees, the merge-proof accept, the acceptance receipts, the governance write guard) were built by the duck and gated by a person. To check the claim yourself:

git clone https://github.com/jrullan/ducklab && cd ducklabgo build -o ducklab-cli ./cmd/ducklabfor r in .ducklab/runs/*/receipt.json; do ./ducklab-cli proof verify "$r"; done

Receipts ship with every accept since v0.7.0: the committed sha, the gate command, its exit code, and the clean-checkout reproduction verdict — facts a third party re-derives, never assessments.

Status

v0.7.0 plus the phase-3 work now on main: every build and test run executes in its own git worktree (your checkout is never touched), acceptance rebases the run branch, re-runs the gate on the rebased commit and merges fast-forward only, and an operator can re-close a finished run as landed when its work reached main outside the engine. Before that: seven stages, five modes, the roster board with measured scorecards, reference documents with automatic digestion, skills managed from the desktop, a seated consultant chat (vision verified before images are sent), bug reports with screenshot evidence, adopt surveys with a deterministic coverage check, provider-aware queueing that states why a run waits, escalation suggestions when a seat measurably hits its ceiling, acceptance receipts (ducklab proof verify), releases, autopilot, a CLI, a desktop app, and an MCP server — in the official MCP registry as io.github.jrullan/ducklab — so another model can operate the loop with recorded, attributed decisions.

docs/status.md tracks all acceptance criteria and does not round up. Where code and spec differ, the difference is recorded in docs/decisions/.

Install

Needs Go 1.25+, Node 22+ for the desktop, and git.

Linux

The CLI and engine are pure Go. The desktop is a Wails v3 app and needs the GTK/WebKit development packages:

sudo apt install libgtk-3-dev libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev   # Debian/Ubuntu namesmake desktop && make install

On Ubuntu 24.04+ the desktop also needs an AppArmor profile — see decision 0003 and packaging/apparmor/.

macOS

xcode-select --install    # the desktop build links against WebKitbrew install go nodemake desktop && make install

Honesty note: ducklab is developed and exercised daily on Linux. The CLI and engine compile-check for darwin/arm64 on every make cross, but no desktop build has been verified on a Mac yet — the first person to try it is the test, and make install gives you the CLI and engine either way. Please report whatever breaks.

Both

make install installs to ~/.local/bin — make sure it is on your PATH. It warns when the desktop binary predates frontend/src, because it will happily install a stale one.

Frontend development without the desktop

To exercise the frontend in a browser, run the engine and Vite in separate terminals, then open the browser with its connection details. The fake engine is the quickest option; the same flow can use a real engine with its opt-in CORS flag:

# Fast, scripted data (recommended for UI work)go run ./cmd/fake-engine --port 8787 --token fake-tokennpm run dev --prefix frontend# open http://localhost:5173/?engine=http://127.0.0.1:8787&token=fake-token
# Or use real engine data (development only; keep the origin explicit)go run ./cmd/ducklab-engine --allow-origin http://localhost:5173npm run dev --prefix frontend# open http://localhost:5173/?engine=http://127.0.0.1:<engine-port>&token=<engine-token>

The real engine remains same-origin restricted by default. --allow-origin enables exactly one browser origin and is intended for local frontend development and visual audits; it does not change authentication or the loopback bind. Without this flag, a browser's cross-origin failure can look like a dead session.

The engine and token query parameters are available only in Vite dev builds. They can also be supplied as VITE_DUCKLAB_ENGINE and VITE_DUCKLAB_TOKEN environment variables. The desktop shell continues to use its injected window.ducklab connection.

Three binaries

Provider keys come from the engine's environment at call time — export them before it starts, or launch the desktop through a wrapper that loads them from your keyring. The app tells you when the engine it adopted is missing a key this app has, with the restart button beside the words.

A cycle, end to end

From the desktop: on first launch, Now → Create your first project; afterwards Settings → Projects → New project, then Work → Documents → Intent → Add intention → Draft it. From a terminal:

cd ~/dev/myprojectgit init                                    # ducklab needs a git repoducklab project init --name MyProject       # auto-starts the engine if none is running
ducklab intake --from brief.txt             # brief        → requirementsducklab intent                              # your briefs, verbatim, and what each one changedducklab spec                                # requirements → specducklab plan                                # spec         → milestones and tasks
ducklab run T-001                           # build itducklab run accept r-20260729-...           # commit it
ducklab review T-001                        # read the commitducklab release plan --bump minor           # what shipped

Your words are part of the record: every brief is kept verbatim as an INT-nnn entry before any model reads it, and the requirements it added or changed point back to it — so a requirement can always answer "who asked for this, and in what words".

Each stage writes a .proposed file first and waits for you. accept promotes it; reject restores exactly what the run wrote and nothing else; "request changes" sends any draft — spec, plan, release notes — back with your note. Nothing is committed without you (or without the autonomy level you explicitly granted).

Reference documents ride any stage: --ref ~/wiki/product/ (or the attach door in the desktop) loads files or whole directories as background for the architect — grounded by two rules the prompt states outright: the approved requirements own the scope, and where a reference and the code disagree, the code is the truth. When the corpus outgrows the seat's context, each document is digested once (cached by content hash), the full text stays reachable through the ref_read tool, and the proposal card lists any document no seat ever opened.

Adopting an existing codebase works the same way: intake reads the code and writes as-built requirements, the spec marks its sections as-built, and the plan stays deliberately empty — new work then enters through bug reports and plan amendments, which is how ducklab itself is developed.

Your project declares its own truth in .ducklab/project.toml: the gate ([verify] — with link_deps and setup for what a clean checkout needs), how the app launches ([run] with a preflight), and how the project's own binaries are rebuilt ([install]) so the whole loop runs without leaving ducklab. Stack capabilities propose run.command choices from build metadata (for example Meson executables, Cargo bins, Go main packages, or Node scripts), but a person must adopt one. Once configured, every otherwise-green build gate executes run.smoke when declared, otherwise it falls back to run.command. This lets an interactive application declare a headless smoke without opening its real UI during every gate. run.smoke_expect = "exit" | "live" defines success: exit requires status 0 inside run.smoke_timeout_s; live requires the process to survive the whole observation window. When omitted, an explicit run.smoke defaults to exit, while a run.command fallback or an app with a URL/health endpoint defaults to live. The gate and UI always state the effective expectation, so an interactive program that exits cleanly in 20 ms cannot masquerade as a booted product. An intentional Stop sends a polite termination to the whole app process group, waits run.stop_grace_s seconds (3 by default), and only then force-kills it; the same graceful boundary is used when a live product smoke finishes its observation window.

Gate and shell process trees always receive DUCKLAB_RUN_ID and DUCKLAB_PROJECT_ID. For example, excercise-tracker can use DATABASE_URL=test_db_${DUCKLAB_RUN_ID} in [verify].tests, and a compose preflight can use ${DUCKLAB_PROJECT_ID} as its per-run project name. Ducklab guarantees identity only; provisioning and teardown remain the project's.

Adding a model

ducklab provider set openrouter --url https://openrouter.ai/api/v1 \                                --key-env OPENROUTER_API_KEYducklab duckling set pato-sonnet --provider openrouter \                                 --model anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5 \                                 --roles reviewer,judge --context 200000 \                                 --cost-in 3.0 --cost-out 15.0ducklab duckling test pato-sonnet --prompt "say OK"

--key-env is the name of an environment variable, never a key. No key is written to config, sent over the API, or kept in shell history.

A ChatGPT / Codex subscription

A ChatGPT plan's Codex allowance can seat ducklings too: an opt-in provider beside the keyed ones, never a default.

ducklab provider set chatgpt --kind codex      # no URL, no keyducklab provider login chatgpt                 # open the page, type the codeducklab duckling set sol --provider chatgpt --model gpt-6.1-sol:high \                         --roles architect,advisor,consultant

• Sign-in: the engine runs OpenAI's device-code sign-in and keeps the tokens in its own file (~/.config/ducklab/codex/<id>.json, owner-only), refreshing them as they expire. It never reads or writes the Codex CLI's ~/.codex/auth.json: a refresh token rotates on use, so sharing one would sign the other program out. The desktop's Providers panel has the same Sign in button; signing in or out is the person's alone.
• Models: whatever the plan includes; the provider's live model list (the desktop's model picker) shows them. A :effort suffix on the model id (low … max) sets the reasoning effort; without one the model's default applies.
• Cost: no dollars per token, so leave the costs at zero. That makes these ducklings rank as the cheapest in automatic stand-in choices, and USD budgets never cap them — token caps do. When a usage window runs out, the run pauses as provider weather with the reset time in the reason; resume it after the reset.
• Not sent: the subscription takes no temperature, top-p, output cap or stop sequences, so a duckling's settings for those have no effect there.

[The roster board: flock with scorecards, seats per mode, engine suggestions]
Seat suggestions come with their evidence: pass rates from your own runs, cost per run, coding index. You decide.

The desktop's Roster view is where seats are assigned: drag from the Flock onto a mode's seat, globally or per project, with each duckling's evidence on the card and the engine's suggestions beside the seats. Coding / intelligence / agentic indices come from OpenRouter's benchmarks endpoint when a duckling lives there; your own runs supply the rest.

The fleet that built this repo

This is not a recommendation list. It is this repository's own run record (454 recorded runs, ~2,300 seat assignments as of 2026-08-24), so you can see what actually held which seat. Any OpenAI-compatible endpoint slots in the same way.

Two notes for accuracy. First, "built with local models" here means the local seats held judgment and documentation roles (judge, reviewer, scribe, architect) while cheap hosted models did most of the typing; about a third of all seat assignments ran on hardware in this room. Second, the pass rates above are measured on my runs (ducklab duckling scorecard, Wilson lower bound). Yours will differ, and that is the point: the roster works from your record, not from a leaderboard.

[A council run mid-flight on ducklab's own spec]
The same machinery on real work: a council revising ducklab's own spec, 4.5M tokens in, paused once on a budget it asked to lift.

The five modes

ducklab run T-001 --mode <mode>

What it will not do

Invariants, enforced in code:

• A model never decides a verdict. A gate is a command's exit code.
• A green candidate is applied byte-for-byte; nothing is re-generated after it passed.
• A reviewer never learns who wrote the code.
• Nothing lands that did not reproduce from a clean checkout of the commit being merged.
• A reject undoes what the run wrote, and nobody else's work.
• Every budget (tokens, cost, turns, wallclock) has a ceiling you can see.
• Secrets never touch project state.
• The engine is loopback-only. There is no remote mode.

Skills

A skill is a directory with a SKILL.md — under .ducklab/skills/ for one project, or in the machine-wide skills directory to serve every project (project shadows global on a name collision). The documentation-only form has no script and is the default: a recipe a model reads and follows. The architect reads survey guides before an adopt (skill_list is in its prompt), the consultant reads them in chat, and only the implementer can skill_run an executable one.

Skills are administered from the desktop (gear → Skills): list with scope badges and validation problems, read, edit the whole SKILL.md, run with arguments, delete. A skill a duckling writes during a run shows there greyed pending acceptance until its run is accepted — proposing a skill goes through the same gate as proposing code.

ducklab skill new house-styleducklab skill run changelog-entry --arg summary="..."

The consultant

Every project seats a consultant (a Common seat on the roster board): the model behind the "chat about this" doors and the free-form chat in the guide rail. It reads the code, the runs, the boards and the skills — never writes — and takes images: paste a screenshot of a broken view and ask. Vision is verified, not assumed: a declared-vision seat is probed with a real image request once, and a text-only seat refuses the paste with words instead of hallucinating an answer.

[The consultant chat: luna answering 'convince me to use Ducklab']
The seated consultant answering a question about the repo it reads.

Operating ducklab from another model

ducklab mcp serve exposes the whole loop over stdio as an MCP server: an external model reads each result, decides gates (with a required, recorded reason — decisions land as approved_by: mcp:<client>, never as "human"), answers questions, files bugs, amends plans and starts work. The engine's next lists are the law: an operator cannot take an action a person could not.

An operator does not have to poll. For OpenCode, the ducklab-bell plugin wakes a chosen session whenever a run needs a decision, and in act mode carries a coordinator policy so that session runs errands end to end ("fix the bugs") and escalates what is the person's.

Giving each agent its own access

By default every agent that can read engine.json shares one token with full access to every project. Give each agent its own instead — Settings → Agent access, or from your own terminal:

ducklab token create "OpenCode ti36" --grant ti36xpro-opencode=full --grant ducklab=read-only

The secret is printed once; put it in that agent's MCP server environment as DUCKLAB_TOKEN. The agent then reaches only the projects you granted — read-only reads, full acts — and everything it does is recorded under its own name (agent:opencode-ti36). Even full cannot change a project's rules (its config, autonomy, gates, skills) or name files outside it. Change grants or revoke at any time. Once every agent has its own token, turn the shared one off (ducklab token legacy off).

This orders, limits and audits agents; it is not a sandbox. full runs the project's builds, tests and app — code the agent's ducklings wrote — with your rights, so give full only to an agent you trust with that project; read-only is the level that contains one. And an agent running as your own OS user can read files you can, human.token included.

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md — how to build, how the tests guard the architecture, how work flows through ducklab's own loop, and where to start. The short version:

make            # vet, test, build the frontendgo test ./...   # 39 packagescd frontend && npx vitest run

License: Apache-2.0. Contributions are accepted under the same terms (§5 of the license — no CLA). The Ducklab name and the duck are the maintainer's (§6).

Specification

The code implements a written specification, in this repo: docs/spec/ (00-VISION through 08-DESKTOP-UI) is the normative layer — vision, invariants, protocol contracts, acceptance criteria. What the system IS today lives in .ducklab/docs/ — the as-built requirements, spec and plan the loop itself maintains, each version signed at a human gate. Where the two differ deliberately, the difference is recorded in docs/decisions/; the diff between them is the roadmap, and the alignment stage computes it.