Scherlok

pip install scherlokscherlok ci postgres://user:pass@host/db   # first run: baseline + new-table checks; every run after: drift

No database handy? The demo seeds one, learns it, breaks it, and catches it, in about a second:

uvx --from "scherlok[duckdb]" scherlok demo

Works with PostgreSQL, BigQuery, Snowflake, MySQL, DuckDB and dbt. Alerts go to Slack, Discord, Teams, email, or your CI exit code.

The Problem

Every data team has the same nightmare:

A source API silently changes from dollars to cents. Revenue dashboards show wrong numbers for 3 weeks before anyone notices.

A column starts returning NULLs. A table stops updating. Row counts drop 40% on a Tuesday. Nobody knows until the CEO asks why the report looks weird.

Current tools (Great Expectations, Soda, dbt tests) require you to define what "correct" looks like before you can detect what's wrong. Hundreds of rules. Dozens of YAML files. And you still miss things — because you can't write rules for problems you haven't imagined yet.

What It Catches

Every anomaly is auto-scored: INFO, WARNING, or CRITICAL. No thresholds to configure.

A table seen for the first time has nothing to compare against, so it gets the new-table checks instead, from the profile already collected. They report WARNING (INFO for a constant column), so a legitimately empty table doesn't fail ci with the default --fail-on critical; once the table has a baseline they never run again. scherlok verify --table treats the tables it names as just built, so an empty table, an all-NULL column or a duplicate key in one of them is CRITICAL.

How It Works

Scherlok takes the opposite approach of rule-based tools: learn first, then detect.

scherlok connect postgres://user:pass@host/db   # connect oncescherlok investigate                              # learn your datascherlok watch                                    # detect anomalies

Three commands. Five minutes. Done. (scherlok ci <url> runs all three in one step for pipelines.)

After five valid profiles, Scherlok learns per-metric variability from the latest 30 profiles using robust historical baselines for volume, numeric mean shifts, NULL rates, and distinct counts. During cold start or when history is not usable, it keeps the conservative fixed defaults.

Every run is learned, except one that finds a CRITICAL anomaly on a table: that table keeps its baseline, so the alert repeats on every run until the data recovers, and the broken state never becomes the new normal. WARNING and INFO findings are learned. When the change is intended, such as a planned backfill, a person makes it the new normal with scherlok accept (below).

1. investigate — Learn the patterns

$ scherlok investigate
  Profiling 12 tables...  ✓ users         — 45,231 rows, 8 columns  ✓ orders        — 1,203,847 rows, 15 columns  ✓ products      — 892 rows, 12 columns  ...  Done. Profiles saved.

Scherlok profiles every table: row counts, column types, NULL rates, value distributions, freshness cadence, cardinality. Stores everything locally in SQLite, as aggregates only: no value from your rows is saved (what Scherlok stores).

2. watch — Detect anomalies

$ scherlok watch
  Checking 12 tables against learned profiles...
  🔴 CRITICAL  orders    volume_drop     Row count dropped 52% (1,203,847 → 578,412)  🟡 WARNING   users     null_increase   Column "email": NULL rate 2.1% → 18.7%  🔵 INFO      products  distribution    Column "price": mean shifted 3.2σ
  3 anomalies detected. Exit code: 1

3. Alert — Slack, CI/CD, or both

# Slackscherlok watch --webhook https://hooks.slack.com/services/...
# Discordscherlok watch --webhook https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...
# Microsoft Teamsscherlok watch --webhook https://outlook.office.com/webhook/...
# Any endpoint (generic JSON payload)scherlok watch --webhook https://my-api.com/alerts
# Repeating watch on the container's local time (install optional extra first)pip install 'scherlok[schedule]'scherlok watch --schedule "0 6 * * *"

Auto-detects Slack, Discord, and Teams from the URL and formats the payload accordingly. Any other URL receives a generic JSON payload.

CI/CD Integration

Use Scherlok as a data quality gate on pull requests. The GitHub Action checks the change against the stored baseline, fails the check on anomalies and keeps one comment on the pull request up to date with the table, column, metric, baseline, current value and severity of each:

# .github/workflows/data-checks.ymlon: pull_requestpermissions:  contents: read  pull-requests: writejobs:  scherlok:    runs-on: ubuntu-latest    steps:      # build the change first, e.g. dbt run against a CI schema      - uses: rbmuller/scherlok@v1        with:          connection: ${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}          store: s3://my-bucket/scherlok/profiles.db          tables: orders,customers          fail-on: critical

The connection is passed through the environment and masked, the comment never holds a value read from a row, and fork pull requests, which get no secrets, are skipped with a notice. 📖 GitHub Action guide →

Anywhere else, the ci command does it in one line. If Scherlok detects a critical anomaly, the pipeline fails:

scherlok config --store s3://my-bucket/scherlok/profiles.dbscherlok ci "$DATABASE_URL" --webhook "$SLACK_WEBHOOK" --fail-on critical

ci learns every run without a CRITICAL anomaly, so after a failure on --fail-on warning the new state becomes the baseline and a retry passes. When a retry must keep failing until the data is fixed, as with an AI agent or a CI job that retries, gate with verify. It compares against the stored baseline and saves no profiles, no anomalies and no config, and it never uploads a remote store; it only records the run.

scherlok verify --table orders --fail-on critical   # exit 1 while orders is still brokenscherlok verify --output json                       # one JSON object on stdoutscherlok verify --record scherlok-runs.jsonl        # append the run record, e.g. a CI artifactscherlok verify --against postgresql://db.example.com/shop --ignore volume  # a dev build vs production

--against compares the connection's tables, such as a dev build, with another database's baseline in the same store, such as production's, and saves nothing under either: a dropped column fails before the change ships. --ignore volume is for builds on sampled data: row counts are not compared, and the column checks only flag what a sample can't explain.

Tables without a baseline are listed under tables_without_baseline, never counted as verified. Those you name with --table count as just built: an empty table, a column NULL in every row or a duplicate key there is CRITICAL, so an agent can gate on a table it just created. Every watch, ci, check and verify run is recorded, passing or not: scherlok history --runs lists them. Every anomaly in the JSON also carries column, metric, baseline, current, change_pct and a fixed hint, so it can be acted on without parsing the message. 📖 CI/CD gate guide →

Reconcile output against input

A table's own history can't catch a join that fans out on its first build, or a total that changes while the row count stays the same. reconcile compares a pipeline's output with its input, in the same database, and exits 1 when they don't add up:

scherlok reconcile --source raw.orders --target mart.orders \  --key order_id --sum amount --tolerance 0.001

It reports row_count_mismatch, duplicate_keys (a key repeated in the target: join fan-out), missing_keys, extra_keys and sum_mismatch (totals apart by more than the absolute --tolerance), all CRITICAL, with --output json for CI. It needs no baseline and saves nothing, and it reports counts and totals only, never a key value. On BigQuery and Snowflake every run scans both tables in full. 📖 Reconcile guide →

Accepting a change

A CRITICAL reading is never learned, so an intended change (a new column, a planned backfill) keeps alerting until a person accepts it:

scherlok accept --table orders --reason "Backfilled 2025 orders"   # shows before/after, asks to confirmscherlok accept --table orders --reason "..." --yes                # no prompt, for a workflow a person triggersscherlok history --approvals                                       # who accepted what, and why

accept re-profiles the table, shows its rows, columns and anomalies against the current baseline, and on confirmation saves the new state as the baseline with one row in an append-only approvals table: who approved (git config user.email, else $USER), the reason, and the before/after summary. --reason is required.

To keep agents and scheduled runs from moving baselines at all, lock them: scherlok config --baseline-locked or SCHERLOK_BASELINE_LOCKED=1. Then only accept writes a baseline, including a new table's first one; watch, ci, check, dbt and the MCP tools compare without saving profiles, and investigate refuses. accept is deliberately not an MCP tool.

This is a guardrail, not a security boundary. An agent with shell access can run scherlok accept or edit the SQLite file itself. Real enforcement means running verify in CI against a store the agent has no credentials for, with accept run from a workflow a person triggers. 📖 Accepting a change →

Works with dbt

Already running dbt? Scherlok complements dbt test with automatic anomaly detection — no rules to write.

pip install scherlok[dbt]
# After `dbt run`, point Scherlok at your projectscherlok dbt --project-dir ./my_dbt_project

Scherlok reads target/manifest.json, discovers every materialized model (table, incremental, view), auto-resolves the connection from your profiles.yml, and profiles each model:

Investigating 4 dbt models in ./my_dbt_project (postgres)  ✓ stg_customers                  (12,345 rows)  ✓ stg_orders                     (98,765 rows)  ✗ fct_orders                     CRITICAL: Row count dropped 42% (98,765 → 57,283)  ✓ dim_customers_inc              (12,300 rows)
Summary: 4 profiled, 1 anomalies (1 critical, 0 warning)

Use it as a CI gate after dbt run:

- run: dbt run --target prod- run: scherlok dbt --project-dir . --target prod --fail-on critical

Or collapse both steps into one with the wrapper:

- run: scherlok dbt-run-and-watch --project-dir . --target prod --fail-on critical

The wrapper runs dbt run by default and uses the successful model nodes recorded in target/run_results.json, so partial runs profile only what dbt actually built. Use --build to run dbt build; successful models are still profiled when a test failure causes downstream models to be skipped on dbt's handled failure path (exit 1), while the wrapper preserves dbt build's exit code. Unhandled failures fail fast without reading the artifact.

Both dbt and dbt-run-and-watch accept --output json for CI parsers — a single JSON document on stdout, nothing else.

Supported adapters: postgres, bigquery, snowflake, mysql, duckdb. For others, pass --connection-string explicitly.

📖 Full docs: dbt integration guide →

dbt Package — native tests

Prefer staying inside dbt? Install Scherlok as a dbt package for native data quality tests — no Python CLI needed.

# packages.ymlpackages:  - git: https://github.com/rbmuller/scherlok.git    revision: v1.3.0

Once the dbt Package Hub listing lands (dbt-labs/hubcap#456), this becomes package: rbmuller/scherlok with version: [">=1.0.0", "<2.0.0"].

# schema.ymlmodels:  - name: fct_orders    tests:      - scherlok.volume_anomaly:          sensitivity: 3.0      - scherlok.row_count_between:          min_value: 100    columns:      - name: email        tests:          - scherlok.not_null_proportion:              max_rate: 0.01      - name: updated_at        tests:          - scherlok.recency:              days: 2

Tier 1 — Instant (no setup): not_null_proportion, row_count_between, recency, unique_proportion

Tier 2 — Auto-learning (Shewhart control limits): volume_anomaly, null_anomaly — require the scherlok_metrics model to build baseline history.

📖 Full docs: dbt package README →

HTML dashboard

[scherlok dashboard]

scherlok dashboard --out report.html

One self-contained HTML file (~28 KB): KPIs, per-table incidents grouped with first-seen timestamps, +/−/~ schema-drift diff, sparklines, and full anomaly history. Auto dark/light theme via prefers-color-scheme.

📖 Full docs: dashboard guide →

Use it from an AI agent (MCP)

Let Claude Code / Claude Desktop run data-quality checks directly.

Claude Desktop: download scherlok-<version>.mcpb from the latest release and open it. One click, one setting (your connection string, stored as a secret).

Any other client:

pip install scherlok   # scherlok-mcp ships built-in since v0.7.0

{  "mcpServers": {    "scherlok": {      "command": "scherlok-mcp",      "env": { "SCHERLOK_CONNECTION": "postgresql://user:pass@host/db" }    }  }}

The agent gets list_tables, investigate, watch, status, history, check, verify and reconcile as tools; verify is the read-only gate that never changes the baseline, so an agent that retries can't pass a broken table, and reconcile checks a table it built against the table it built it from. There is no accept tool: a person approves baseline changes, and with baselines locked no tool writes one. Credentials are resolved server-side (never passed by the model), every operation is read-only on the warehouse, and there's no arbitrary-SQL tool.

📖 Full docs: MCP server guide →

Check an agent's dbt changes (Claude Code)

An agent that finishes dbt run reports success: the SQL ran. The Claude Code plugin makes it check the data. After every dbt run or dbt build, a hook runs scherlok verify on the models that run built and hands Claude the findings; the verify-data-pipeline skill has it fix the cause, verify again, and leave accepting a new baseline to a person.

Demo: a dbt project on DuckDB where the agent adds a join that fans out, the hook fires, the agent fixes the join and the check passes.

/plugin marketplace add rbmuller/scherlok/plugin install scherlok@scherlok

The hook stays silent until Scherlok is installed and has a connection, and it never fails the session. Lock the baselines for agent sessions with SCHERLOK_BASELINE_LOCKED=1. Other coding agents get the same instructions from an AGENTS.md snippet, and scherlok verify --dbt-project . scopes a check to the last dbt run anywhere, CI included. 📖 Coding agents guide →

AI-explained alerts (--explain)

Your alert says what broke. --explain adds why — and what to check next.

pip install 'scherlok[explain]'export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...
scherlok watch --webhook https://hooks.slack.com/... --explain

When anomalies fire, Scherlok makes one Claude call for the whole batch and injects a short root-cause hypothesis into the same Slack/Discord/Teams/email/JSON alert:

Works on watch, ci, check, dbt, and dbt-run-and-watch. On dbt projects the hypothesis is lineage-aware: upstream parents from manifest.json go into the prompt, so cascading failures get traced to the source model instead of alerting on every downstream symptom.

• What it costs — one call per fired run (not per anomaly), Claude Haiku 4.5 by default: well under a cent per run (~$0.003). Override the model with SCHERLOK_EXPLAIN_MODEL. Runs with zero anomalies make no API call.
• What it sends — aggregates only: the anomaly type/severity/message strings already in your alert, dbt model names, detection timestamps. Never warehouse rows, cell values, or credentials — the test suite pins this as a contract.
• How to turn it off — it's opt-in; don't pass --explain. If the API call fails (no key, timeout, rate limit), the original alert is delivered unchanged with a one-line note. Alerting never blocks on the LLM.

📖 Full docs: explainer guide →

Email alerts

export SCHERLOK_SMTP_HOST=smtp.gmail.comexport [email protected]export SCHERLOK_SMTP_PASSWORD=app-specific-password
scherlok watch --email [email protected] --email [email protected]

Connectors

# PostgreSQLscherlok connect postgres://user:pass@host:5432/db
# BigQuery — see src/scherlok/connectors/bigquery.md for auth, billing, CI patternspip install scherlok[bigquery]scherlok connect bigquery://project-id/dataset-name
# Snowflakepip install scherlok[snowflake]export SNOWFLAKE_USER=...export SNOWFLAKE_PASSWORD=...export SNOWFLAKE_WAREHOUSE=...scherlok connect snowflake://account/database/schema
# MySQLpip install scherlok[mysql]scherlok connect mysql://user:pass@host:3306/dbname
# DuckDBpip install scherlok[duckdb]scherlok connect duckdb:///path/to/file.db

Remote Storage

Share profiles across CI runs and team members:

# AWS S3scherlok config --store s3://my-bucket/scherlok/profiles.db
# Google Cloud Storagescherlok config --store gs://my-bucket/scherlok/profiles.db
# Azure Blob Storagescherlok config --store az://my-container/scherlok/profiles.db

One store can hold several databases: baselines are kept per database (adapter, host, port and path of the connection, never credentials), so orders in staging never shares a baseline with orders in production. 📖 Where things live →

How it compares

Every claim links to the other tool's own documentation in the full comparison.

CLI Reference

scherlok connect <url>          Connect to a databasescherlok investigate            Profile all tables (learn patterns)scherlok watch [-w <url>] [-e <email>]  Detect anomalies and alertscherlok ci <url> [opts]        All-in-one CI/CD command (connect + watch + exit code)scherlok verify [--table T] [--dbt-project DIR] [--fail-on L] [--output json] [--record PATH] [--against SCOPE] [--ignore volume]  Read-only gate: compare, keep the baselinescherlok reconcile --source S --target T [--key K] [--sum C] [--tolerance X] [--output json]  Check an output table against its inputscherlok accept --table T --reason "..." [--yes]  Make the current state the baseline, with a recorded approvalscherlok dbt [--project-dir .] [--output json]  Profile dbt models from manifestscherlok dbt-run-and-watch [--build] [--output json]  Run dbt + profile in one stepscherlok status [--output json] Quick health dashboardscherlok history [--days N] [--runs | --approvals] [--output json]  Past anomalies, every run, or every approvalscherlok report [--output json] Detailed profile summaryscherlok dashboard [--out .html] Generate self-contained HTML reportscherlok config --store <url>   Set remote storagescherlok config --baseline-locked  Only `accept` writes baselines (--no-baseline-locked to undo)scherlok config --output json   Is a connection configured (never printed), the store, the lockscherlok demo [--keep] [--output json]  Self-contained demo on a sample DuckDB (no database needed)scherlok version                Show version

Install

pip install scherlok
# With BigQuery supportpip install scherlok[bigquery]

Requires Python 3.10+.

Run via Docker

A pre-built image with every warehouse extra (dbt, bigquery, snowflake) is published to GitHub Container Registry on every release tag:

docker run --rm ghcr.io/rbmuller/scherlok:latest version

Mount your project directory and inject connection details the same way your CI does it; the entrypoint is the scherlok CLI:

docker run --rm \  -v "$PWD:/work" -w /work \  -e SCHERLOK_CONNECTION=postgres://... \  ghcr.io/rbmuller/scherlok:latest watch

The image is built from python:3.12-slim and runs unprivileged (USER scherlok).

Contributing

Contributions welcome! See CONTRIBUTING.md.

We're especially looking for:

• New database connectors (e.g. Databricks — see #37)
• Anomaly detection improvements
• Documentation and examples

Star History

[Star History Chart]

License

MIT — Developed by Robson Bayer Müller