Raziel Calculators

Internal rate of return for evenly spaced yearly cash flows after an initial investment. Use xirr instead when cash flows have specific dates or irregular timing. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/irr-calculator

Annualized return (XIRR) for cash flows on specific dates, like Excel XIRR. Use this for real investments with irregular timing (capital calls, distributions, follow-ons); use irr only for evenly spaced yearly flows. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/xirr-calculator

Multiple on invested capital: total value returned (distributions plus current value) divided by the amount invested, with the implied annualized return when a holding period is given. Use tvpi_dpi for fund-level LP multiples. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/moic-calculator

Compound annual growth rate between a start value and an end value over a number of years. Use for growth of a single value (revenue, an asset price); use irr or xirr when there are multiple cash flows. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/cagr-calculator

Fund performance multiples for an LP or a fund: TVPI (total value to paid-in), DPI (distributions to paid-in, realized) and RVPI (NAV to paid-in, unrealized). Use moic for a single deal and xirr for time-weighted returns. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/tvpi-dpi-calculator

European (whole-fund) distribution waterfall: management fees, return of capital, preferred return (hurdle), GP catch-up and carried interest split, with LP net multiple and the gross-to-net drag. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/carried-interest-calculator

How a YC-style SAFE (post-money or pre-money) converts in a priced equity round: conversion price, whether the cap or discount applies, shares issued and ownership after the round, including an option pool top-up. Use convertible_note for notes that accrue interest. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/safe-conversion-calculator

How a convertible note converts in a priced round: accrued interest, conversion price (cap vs discount), shares received and effective discount. Use safe_conversion for SAFEs, which have no interest. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/convertible-note-calculator

Pre-money to post-money for a single priced round: post-money valuation, price per share, new shares issued, investor ownership (investment / post-money) and founder dilution. Use dilution for several rounds and option_pool for pool math. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/startup-valuation-calculator

Founder and investor ownership across several future funding rounds, including option pool top-ups before each round. Use option_pool for a single round when the question is how a pre-money pool shifts value, and startup_valuation for one simple round. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/dilution-calculator

The "option pool shuffle" for one round: how much the pool must grow to hit a post-money target, the effective pre-money valuation, and how much founder ownership the pre-money pool costs versus adding it after the round. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/option-pool-calculator

For an existing investor in a new round: the check needed to keep the same ownership (pro rata), ownership after the round if they skip or write a planned check, and the value of the stake at the new post-money. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/pro-rata-calculator

Exit waterfall: how sale proceeds split between preferred series and common, with preference multiples, non-participating, participating or capped participation, and stacked or pari passu seniority. Each series converts to common when that pays more. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/liquidation-preference-calculator

Proceeds from selling private company shares on the secondary market: sale price after a discount (or premium) to the last round price or a valuation, fees, net proceeds, gain over cost basis and the implied company valuation. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/secondary-sale-calculator

Estimates the US federal capital gains exclusion for qualified small business stock under IRC Section 1202, including the July 2025 changes (tiered 3, 4 and 5 year exclusions and the $15M cap for stock acquired after July 4, 2025). Assumes the stock otherwise qualifies. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/qsbs-calculator

Key US equity tax dates. stock_grant_date: the 83(b) election deadline, 30 days after restricted stock is transferred (rolled to the next business day when the 30th day is a weekend or legal holiday). qsbs_acquired_date: the Section 1202 holding-period milestones (50%, 75% and 100% exclusion at 3, 4 and 5 years for stock acquired after July 4, 2025; 5 years before). Give either or both. Use qsbs for the dollar exclusion on a sale. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/qsbs-calculator

Months of cash runway for a startup, either from a monthly net burn ("burn" mode) or from monthly revenue and expenses with growth rates ("pl" mode), including the break-even month and whether the company is default alive within 10 years. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/runway-calculator

Capitalization rate of an income property (net operating income / property value), plus gross rent multiplier and price per unit. Give noi_usd directly or gross income and operating expenses. Use cash_on_cash when financing matters. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/cap-rate-calculator

Leveraged rental property returns: mortgage payment, NOI, annual cash flow, cash on cash return, DSCR and break-even occupancy. Use cap_rate for an unlevered view of the same property. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/cash-on-cash-return-calculator

Allocation of a portfolio across asset classes (stocks, bonds, real estate, crypto, venture capital, private equity, cash, other), with a simple diversification score and a concentration read. Holdings in the same class are summed. Interactive version: https://raziel.co/tools/portfolio-allocation

Capital efficiency: net burn divided by net new ARR over the same period (a quarter or a year). Lower is better. Returns the multiple and a rough band (under 1 amazing, 1 to 1.5 great, 1.5 to 2 good, 2 to 3 suspect, over 3 bad, a rule of thumb popularized by David Sacks). Use rule_of_40 for growth versus profitability instead. Guide: https://raziel.co/learn/importance-startup-burn-rate

Adds revenue growth rate and profit margin (usually EBITDA or free cash flow margin, both in percent). A score of 40 or more is the common rule of thumb for a healthy software company balancing growth and profitability. Use burn_multiple for capital efficiency instead. Guide: https://raziel.co/learn/startup-traction-analysis-metrics

Customer lifetime value (monthly revenue per account x gross margin / monthly churn) compared with customer acquisition cost. Returns LTV, the LTV:CAC ratio and CAC payback months. Around 3:1 or better is a commonly cited target. Use cac_payback when you only need the payback period. Guide: https://raziel.co/learn/unit-economics-early-stage-startups

Months of gross profit needed to earn back the cost of acquiring a customer: CAC / (monthly revenue per account x gross margin). Give cac_usd directly, or sales_marketing_spend_usd and new_customers for the same period. Many SaaS investors look for roughly 12 to 18 months or less, shorter for SMB. Use ltv_cac to also see lifetime value. Guide: https://raziel.co/learn/unit-economics-early-stage-startups

Net revenue retention (NRR) and gross revenue retention (GRR) for a cohort of existing customers over a period, usually 12 months: (starting revenue + expansion - contraction - churn) / starting revenue. Above 100% NRR means existing customers grow on their own. Exclude revenue from new customers. Guide: https://raziel.co/learn/evaluating-startup-traction-metrics

Searches Raziel's 549 Learn articles on private investing, startups, funds and founder topics (SAFEs, cap tables, K-1s, capital calls, QSBS, investor updates and more). Returns titles, URLs, summaries and matching section headings to cite. Use define_term for a one-line definition instead.

Plain-English definition of a private-market, venture or fund term (pro rata, MFN, liquidation preference, valuation cap, DPI, TVPI, carried interest, hurdle, capital call, NAV, K-1, QSBS, 83(b), 409A, drag-along, ROFR and about 33 more), with a link to the Raziel guide or calculator. Pass "list" to get every term. Use search_guides for longer explanations.

Researched, sourced comparison of Raziel with another investing or startup platform (Addepar, Allocations, AngelList, Cake Equity, Carta, Empower, Eqvista, Foundersuite, getquin, Juniper Square, Kubera, Ledgy, Masttro, Pulley, Seraf, Sharesight, spreadsheets, Sydecar, Visible, Vyzer): pricing, feature coverage, key differences, where the other platform is stronger, and sources. Pass "list" to see every platform. Facts are as of the research date in the result.