Csharp Testing

by affaan-mef648e01899bNo license275K starsListed Oct 8, 2026Updated Oct 8, 2026Repository updated 3 days ago

xUnit、FluentAssertions、モッキング、統合テスト、テスト組織のベストプラクティスを使用したC#と.NETのテストパターン。

Instructions onlySoftware Development
AI-generated overview

C# and .NET testing patterns using xUnit, FluentAssertions, mocking, integration tests and test organization.

What it does
Provides reference patterns and code examples for writing C#/.NET tests with xUnit, FluentAssertions, NSubstitute or Moq, Testcontainers, WebApplicationFactory and Bogus. Covers unit test structure, parameterized theories, mocking, ASP.NET Core integration tests, test data builders, test organization and common anti-patterns. Also lists dotnet test commands for running tests, coverage and filtering.
When to use it
Use when writing new tests for C# code, reviewing test quality and coverage, setting up test infrastructure in a .NET project, or debugging flaky or slow tests.
Requirements
Instructions only; no scripts shipped. Examples assume a .NET project with xUnit, FluentAssertions, a mocking library such as NSubstitute or Moq, and optionally Testcontainers, WebApplicationFactory and Bogus, plus the dotnet CLI.

C#テストパターン

xUnit、FluentAssertions、最新のテストプラクティスを使用した.NETアプリケーションの包括的なテストパターン。

起動条件

  • C#コードの新しいテストを書く場合
  • テスト品質とカバレッジのレビュー
  • .NETプロジェクトのテストインフラストラクチャの設定
  • フレーキーまたは遅いテストのデバッグ

テストフレームワークスタック

ツール目的
xUnitテストフレームワーク(.NETに推奨)
FluentAssertions読みやすいアサーション構文
NSubstituteまたはMoq依存関係のモッキング
Testcontainers統合テストでの実際のインフラ
WebApplicationFactoryASP.NET Core統合テスト
Bogus現実的なテストデータ生成

ユニットテスト構造

Arrange-Act-Assert

csharp
public sealed class OrderServiceTests{    private readonly IOrderRepository _repository = Substitute.For<IOrderRepository>();    private readonly ILogger<OrderService> _logger = Substitute.For<ILogger<OrderService>>();    private readonly OrderService _sut;
    public OrderServiceTests()    {        _sut = new OrderService(_repository, _logger);    }
    [Fact]    public async Task PlaceOrderAsync_ReturnsSuccess_WhenRequestIsValid()    {        // Arrange        var request = new CreateOrderRequest        {            CustomerId = "cust-123",            Items = [new OrderItem("SKU-001", 2, 29.99m)]        };
        // Act        var result = await _sut.PlaceOrderAsync(request, CancellationToken.None);
        // Assert        result.IsSuccess.Should().BeTrue();        result.Value.Should().NotBeNull();        result.Value!.CustomerId.Should().Be("cust-123");    }
    [Fact]    public async Task PlaceOrderAsync_ReturnsFailure_WhenNoItems()    {        // Arrange        var request = new CreateOrderRequest        {            CustomerId = "cust-123",            Items = []        };
        // Act        var result = await _sut.PlaceOrderAsync(request, CancellationToken.None);
        // Assert        result.IsSuccess.Should().BeFalse();        result.Error.Should().Contain("at least one item");    }}

Theoryによるパラメータ化テスト

csharp
[Theory][InlineData("", false)][InlineData("a", false)][InlineData("[email protected]", false)][InlineData("[email protected]", true)][InlineData("[email protected]", true)]public void IsValidEmail_ReturnsExpected(string email, bool expected){    EmailValidator.IsValid(email).Should().Be(expected);}
[Theory][MemberData(nameof(InvalidOrderCases))]public async Task PlaceOrderAsync_RejectsInvalidOrders(CreateOrderRequest request, string expectedError){    var result = await _sut.PlaceOrderAsync(request, CancellationToken.None);
    result.IsSuccess.Should().BeFalse();    result.Error.Should().Contain(expectedError);}
public static TheoryData<CreateOrderRequest, string> InvalidOrderCases => new(){    { new() { CustomerId = "", Items = [ValidItem()] }, "CustomerId" },    { new() { CustomerId = "c1", Items = [] }, "at least one item" },    { new() { CustomerId = "c1", Items = [new("", 1, 10m)] }, "SKU" },};

NSubstituteによるモッキング

csharp
[Fact]public async Task GetOrderAsync_ReturnsNull_WhenNotFound(){    // Arrange    var orderId = Guid.NewGuid();    _repository.FindByIdAsync(orderId, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())        .Returns((Order?)null);
    // Act    var result = await _sut.GetOrderAsync(orderId, CancellationToken.None);
    // Assert    result.Should().BeNull();}
[Fact]public async Task PlaceOrderAsync_PersistsOrder(){    // Arrange    var request = ValidOrderRequest();
    // Act    await _sut.PlaceOrderAsync(request, CancellationToken.None);
    // Assert — リポジトリが呼び出されたことを検証    await _repository.Received(1).AddAsync(        Arg.Is<Order>(o => o.CustomerId == request.CustomerId),        Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());}

ASP.NET Core統合テスト

WebApplicationFactoryのセットアップ

csharp
public sealed class OrderApiTests : IClassFixture<WebApplicationFactory<Program>>{    private readonly HttpClient _client;
    public OrderApiTests(WebApplicationFactory<Program> factory)    {        _client = factory.WithWebHostBuilder(builder =>        {            builder.ConfigureServices(services =>            {                // テスト用にインメモリDBで実際のDBを置き換え                services.RemoveAll<DbContextOptions<AppDbContext>>();                services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(options =>                    options.UseInMemoryDatabase("TestDb"));            });        }).CreateClient();    }
    [Fact]    public async Task GetOrder_Returns404_WhenNotFound()    {        var response = await _client.GetAsync($"/api/orders/{Guid.NewGuid()}");
        response.StatusCode.Should().Be(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);    }
    [Fact]    public async Task CreateOrder_Returns201_WithValidRequest()    {        var request = new CreateOrderRequest        {            CustomerId = "cust-1",            Items = [new("SKU-001", 1, 19.99m)]        };
        var response = await _client.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/orders", request);
        response.StatusCode.Should().Be(HttpStatusCode.Created);        response.Headers.Location.Should().NotBeNull();    }}

Testcontainersによるテスト

csharp
public sealed class PostgresOrderRepositoryTests : IAsyncLifetime{    private readonly PostgreSqlContainer _postgres = new PostgreSqlBuilder()        .WithImage("postgres:16-alpine")        .Build();
    private AppDbContext _db = null!;
    public async Task InitializeAsync()    {        await _postgres.StartAsync();        var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<AppDbContext>()            .UseNpgsql(_postgres.GetConnectionString())            .Options;        _db = new AppDbContext(options);        await _db.Database.MigrateAsync();    }
    public async Task DisposeAsync()    {        await _db.DisposeAsync();        await _postgres.DisposeAsync();    }
    [Fact]    public async Task AddAsync_PersistsOrder()    {        var repo = new SqlOrderRepository(_db);        var order = Order.Create("cust-1", [new OrderItem("SKU-001", 2, 10m)]);
        await repo.AddAsync(order, CancellationToken.None);
        var found = await repo.FindByIdAsync(order.Id, CancellationToken.None);        found.Should().NotBeNull();        found!.Items.Should().HaveCount(1);    }}

テスト組織

tests/  MyApp.UnitTests/    Services/      OrderServiceTests.cs      PaymentServiceTests.cs    Validators/      EmailValidatorTests.cs  MyApp.IntegrationTests/    Api/      OrderApiTests.cs    Repositories/      OrderRepositoryTests.cs  MyApp.TestHelpers/    Builders/      OrderBuilder.cs    Fixtures/      DatabaseFixture.cs

テストデータビルダー

csharp
public sealed class OrderBuilder{    private string _customerId = "cust-default";    private readonly List<OrderItem> _items = [new("SKU-001", 1, 10m)];
    public OrderBuilder WithCustomer(string customerId)    {        _customerId = customerId;        return this;    }
    public OrderBuilder WithItem(string sku, int quantity, decimal price)    {        _items.Add(new OrderItem(sku, quantity, price));        return this;    }
    public Order Build() => Order.Create(_customerId, _items);}
// テストでの使用var order = new OrderBuilder()    .WithCustomer("cust-vip")    .WithItem("SKU-PREMIUM", 3, 99.99m)    .Build();

よくあるアンチパターン

アンチパターン修正方法
実装の詳細をテストする動作と結果をテストする
共有の可変テスト状態テストごとに新しいインスタンス(xUnitはコンストラクタでこれを行う)
非同期テストでのThread.Sleepタイムアウトまたはポーリングヘルパーを使用したTask.Delay
ToString()出力のアサーション型付きプロパティのアサーション
テストごとに1つの巨大なアサーションテストごとに1つの論理的なアサーション
実装を記述するテスト名動作で命名: Method_ExpectedResult_WhenCondition
CancellationTokenを無視する常に渡してキャンセルを確認する

テストの実行

bash
# すべてのテストを実行dotnet test
# カバレッジを付けて実行dotnet test --collect:"XPlat Code Coverage"
# 特定のプロジェクトを実行dotnet test tests/MyApp.UnitTests/
# テスト名でフィルタリングdotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~OrderService"
# 開発中のウォッチモードdotnet watch test --project tests/MyApp.UnitTests/

Source and attribution

Source:affaan-m/eccindocs/ja-JP/skills/csharp-testingat commitef648e0

License: No license

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