Springboot Tdd

affaan-m/ECC/docs/zh-CN/skills/springboot-tdd

by affaan-mef648e01899ba3e8dc6371642deaaf64b4477775No license275K starsListed Oct 9, 2026Updated Oct 9, 2026Repository updated 4 days ago

使用JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers和JaCoCo进行Spring Boot的测试驱动开发。适用于添加功能、修复错误或重构时。

Instructions onlySoftware Development

AI-generated overview

Guides test-driven development for Spring Boot services using JUnit 5, Mockito, MockMvc, Testcontainers and JaCoCo.

What it does: This skill provides a TDD workflow guide for Spring Boot services, covering the write-test-first, implement, refactor cycle with an 80%+ coverage target. It supplies code patterns for unit tests with JUnit 5 and Mockito, web-layer tests with MockMvc, integration tests with SpringBootTest, and persistence tests with DataJpaTest and Testcontainers. It also includes JaCoCo Maven configuration, assertion guidance, a test data builder example, and CI commands for Maven and Gradle.
When to use it: Use it when adding new features or endpoints, fixing bugs, refactoring, or adding data access logic and security rules to a Spring Boot service. It suits teams that want a structured test-first approach with enforced coverage.
Requirements: Instructions only; no scripts are shipped. Following the guidance assumes a Spring Boot project with JUnit 5, Mockito, MockMvc, Testcontainers and JaCoCo, plus Maven or Gradle and container runtime for Testcontainers.

Spring Boot TDD 工作流程

适用于 Spring Boot 服务、覆盖率 80%+（单元 + 集成）的 TDD 指南。

何时使用

新功能或端点
错误修复或重构
添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则

工作流程

先写测试（它们应该失败）
实现最小代码以通过测试
在测试通过后进行重构
强制覆盖率（JaCoCo）

单元测试 (JUnit 5 + Mockito)

java

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)class MarketServiceTest {  @Mock MarketRepository repo;  @InjectMocks MarketService service;
  @Test  void createsMarket() {    CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat"));    when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));
    Market result = service.create(req);
    assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name");    verify(repo).save(any());  }}

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)class MarketServiceTest {  @Mock MarketRepository repo;  @InjectMocks MarketService service;
  @Test  void createsMarket() {    CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat"));    when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));
    Market result = service.create(req);
    assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name");    verify(repo).save(any());  }}

模式：

Arrange-Act-Assert
避免部分模拟；优先使用显式桩
使用 @ParameterizedTest 处理变体

Web 层测试 (MockMvc)

java

@WebMvcTest(MarketController.class)class MarketControllerTest {  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;  @MockBean MarketService marketService;
  @Test  void returnsMarkets() throws Exception {    when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty());
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets"))        .andExpect(status().isOk())        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray());  }}

@WebMvcTest(MarketController.class)class MarketControllerTest {  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;  @MockBean MarketService marketService;
  @Test  void returnsMarkets() throws Exception {    when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty());
    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets"))        .andExpect(status().isOk())        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray());  }}

集成测试 (SpringBootTest)

java

@SpringBootTest@AutoConfigureMockMvc@ActiveProfiles("test")class MarketIntegrationTest {  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
  @Test  void createsMarket() throws Exception {    mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets")        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)        .content("""          {"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]}        """))      .andExpect(status().isCreated());  }}

@SpringBootTest@AutoConfigureMockMvc@ActiveProfiles("test")class MarketIntegrationTest {  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
  @Test  void createsMarket() throws Exception {    mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets")        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)        .content("""          {"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]}        """))      .andExpect(status().isCreated());  }}

持久层测试 (DataJpaTest)

java

@DataJpaTest@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)@Import(TestContainersConfig.class)class MarketRepositoryTest {  @Autowired MarketRepository repo;
  @Test  void savesAndFinds() {    MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity();    entity.setName("Test");    repo.save(entity);
    Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test");    assertThat(found).isPresent();  }}

@DataJpaTest@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)@Import(TestContainersConfig.class)class MarketRepositoryTest {  @Autowired MarketRepository repo;
  @Test  void savesAndFinds() {    MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity();    entity.setName("Test");    repo.save(entity);
    Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test");    assertThat(found).isPresent();  }}

Testcontainers

对 Postgres/Redis 使用可复用的容器以镜像生产环境
通过 @DynamicPropertySource 连接，将 JDBC URL 注入 Spring 上下文

覆盖率 (JaCoCo)

Maven 片段：

xml

<plugin>  <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>  <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>  <version>0.8.14</version>  <executions>    <execution>      <goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>    </execution>    <execution>      <id>report</id>      <phase>verify</phase>      <goals><goal>report</goal></goals>    </execution>  </executions></plugin>

<plugin>  <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>  <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>  <version>0.8.14</version>  <executions>    <execution>      <goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>    </execution>    <execution>      <id>report</id>      <phase>verify</phase>      <goals><goal>report</goal></goals>    </execution>  </executions></plugin>

断言

为可读性，优先使用 AssertJ (assertThat)
对于 JSON 响应，使用 jsonPath
对于异常：assertThatThrownBy(...)

测试数据构建器

java

class MarketBuilder {  private String name = "Test";  MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; }  Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); }}

class MarketBuilder {  private String name = "Test";  MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; }  Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); }}

CI 命令

Maven: mvn -T 4 test 或 mvn verify
Gradle: ./gradlew test jacocoTestReport

记住：保持测试快速、隔离且确定。测试行为，而非实现细节。

Source and attribution

Source:affaan-m/ECCindocs/zh-CN/skills/springboot-tddat commitef648e0

License: No license

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Springboot Tdd

Spring Boot TDD 工作流程

何时使用

工作流程

单元测试 (JUnit 5 + Mockito)

Web 层测试 (MockMvc)

集成测试 (SpringBootTest)

持久层测试 (DataJpaTest)

Testcontainers

覆盖率 (JaCoCo)

断言

测试数据构建器

CI 命令

Source and attribution

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