Layers Observed Behaviour

jamiemill/layers-skills/skills/layers-observed-behaviour

by jamiemilla201dc8c2011No license307 starsListed Oct 8, 2026Updated Oct 8, 2026Repository updated 4 months ago

Techniques for planning user research and synthesising it into grounded, confidence-rated findings about what users actually do

AI-generated overview

Plans user research studies and synthesises findings into confidence-rated observations of user behaviour.

What it does
Provides a library of techniques for the observed-behaviour layer of user research. In Plan mode it helps design a study, such as defining learning goals, JTBD interviews, contextual inquiry, diary studies, ticket or review analysis, analytics review and usability observation. In Synthesise mode it extracts observations, groups patterns, drafts candidate job stories with confidence ratings and flags research gaps. It produces raw observations, patterns with supporting evidence, candidate job stories and named gaps.
When to use it
Use when planning user research before any study exists, or when research material already exists and needs to be turned into grounded findings. It fits work that must distinguish what users actually do from what teams assume, and it hands candidate job stories onward for refinement.
Requirements
No scripts; instructions only. It assumes a companion skill, layers-intro, has been loaded, and expects access to existing research material such as interviews, recordings, tickets or analytics when synthesising.

/layers-observed-behaviour

Assumes /layers-intro has been loaded. This skill is a library of techniques, not a script — see "How to use these skills" there.

The observed behaviour layer is the closest we can get to reality — what users actually do, not what we think they do or wish they would. Everything above it is interpretation; this layer is the source.

It splits into two situations. Detect which applies and say so:

  • Plan — no research yet; design a study.
  • Synthesise — research material exists; make sense of it.

With partial research, synthesise what exists first, then plan to fill the gaps.


The decisions this layer makes

  • What specific questions we most need to answer about our users
  • What evidence already exists, and how reliable it is
  • How to gather what's missing
  • What patterns hold with confidence vs. what remains assumption

Disciplines — what keeps observation honest

  • Stay close to raw data. Observations should be specific and near the source — what users said, did, felt — not summarised into conclusions.
  • Ground in something seen or heard, not in team beliefs.
  • Mark confidence: observed / inferred / assumed. If you mark something observed, the verbatim that supports it should be quotable in the same note — an observed claim with no quotable evidence is really inferred.
  • Name research gaps explicitly rather than papering over them.
  • Workarounds are signal. A need real enough to motivate improvisation is a strong one.

Techniques

To plan a study

TechniqueUse it when
Define the learning goalAlways start here. Push past "understand users better" to 2–3 specific questions — "what triggers someone to refer a friend, and what makes them hesitate."
JTBD interviewsUnderstanding triggers, motivations, anxieties. Interview about a real past experience, not hypotheticals. Guide: opening ("tell me about the last time you…"), timeline (what triggered it, what you tried), motivations (what you hoped, what worried you), closing.
Contextual inquiry / observationWhat users say differs from what they do — watch real work for tacit behaviour.
Diary studiesBehaviour is distributed over time or infrequent — users self-report as events occur.
Support ticket / review analysisExisting product with accumulated signal — pain points at scale without recruiting.
Analytics reviewWhat users do (not why). Complements qualitative; doesn't replace it.
Usability observationWhere people struggle or succeed with an existing product.

For interviews, plan synthesis up front: one observation per note, tagged with the question it speaks to, raw quotes over summaries. (6–10 qualitative interviews usually reach saturation.)

To synthesise material

TechniqueUse it to
Extract observationsPull out concrete things users said, did, or felt — no interpretation yet. From memory, prompt: most surprising thing? what recurred? what did they struggle with unexpectedly?
Pattern groupingGroup observations by recurring situations, common motivations, shared anxieties, and workarounds.
Candidate job storiesWhen [situation], I want to [motivation], so I can [outcome]. Check the "When" is specific and the "want" is a motivation not a solution; mark confidence.
Gap-flaggingWhat do the observations not yet answer? These become a follow-up Plan session.

Working with the designer

First find out what exists — interviews, recordings, tickets, analytics — and state the mode. Listen for nouns (candidate domain objects) and the natural language users use; that feeds the domain layer.

Offer the technique that fits: in Plan, the method matched to the learning goal; in Synthesise, extraction → patterns → candidate stories. Do the next useful thing, not a full battery.

Capture only the residue — key raw observations, the patterns with their supporting evidence, candidate job stories with confidence ratings, and the named research gaps.

Candidate job stories are ready to refine at /layers-user-needs.

Source and attribution

Source:jamiemill/layers-skillsinskills/layers-observed-behaviourat commita201dc8

License: No license

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