Employee Performance Analytics Hr

reason-machines/data-skills/skills/employee-performance-analytics-hr

by reason-machines8e7bd5f22574No license4 starsListed Oct 8, 2026Updated Oct 8, 2026Repository updated 2 months ago

SQL and Python-based employee performance analytics with KPI aggregation, departmental insights, and HR dashboard generation

AI-generated overview

Guides SQL and Python analysis of employee performance data into departmental KPIs, reports, and charts.

What it does
This skill documents an HR analytics pipeline that loads employee CSV data into SQLite, runs SQL views for departmental KPIs, employee summaries, and daily productivity, then exports CSV reports and matplotlib/seaborn charts. It provides schema definitions, query examples, and a Python HRAnalyzer class covering the full load-analyze-visualize flow. Outputs include department_kpis.csv, performance_summary.csv, and PNG visualizations.
When to use it
Use it when analyzing employee performance metrics, calculating departmental KPIs, or building HR dashboards from structured employee data. It fits workforce efficiency, productivity trend, and performance reporting tasks.
Requirements
Requires Python with pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, and numpy, plus SQLite (built into Python). It expects an employee CSV with defined columns and network access to clone the referenced repository; it ships no scripts, only instructions and code examples.

Employee Performance Analytics HR Skill

Skill by ara.so — Data Skills collection.

Overview

Employee Performance Analytics is a Python and SQL-based HR analytics tool that transforms employee data into actionable insights. It uses SQLite for KPI aggregation and pandas/matplotlib for visualization, generating departmental performance reports, efficiency metrics, and workload analysis.

The project provides an end-to-end analytics pipeline: data loading → SQL feature engineering → Python analysis → visualization exports.

Installation

bash
# Clone the repositorygit clone https://github.com/AmirhosseinHonardoust/Employee-Performance-Analytics.gitcd Employee-Performance-Analytics
# Create virtual environmentpython -m venv .venvsource .venv/bin/activate  # On Windows: .venv\Scripts\activate
# Install dependenciespip install -r requirements.txt

Dependencies

txt
pandas>=2.0.0matplotlib>=3.7.0seaborn>=0.12.0sqlite3  # Built-in with Pythonnumpy>=1.24.0

Project Structure

employee-performance-analytics/├── data/│   └── employees.csv          # Raw employee data├── src/│   ├── create_db.py          # CSV to SQLite loader│   ├── queries.sql           # SQL KPI queries│   ├── analyze_performance.py # Main analysis script│   └── utils.py              # Helper functions└── outputs/    ├── department_kpis.csv    ├── performance_summary.csv    └── charts/               # Generated visualizations

Data Schema

The project expects employee data with these columns:

ColumnTypeDescription
employee_idintUnique identifier
namestringEmployee name
departmentstringDepartment (Engineering, Sales, etc.)
rolestringJob title
datedateRecord date (YYYY-MM-DD)
tasks_completedintDaily tasks completed
hours_workedfloatHours worked
ratingfloatPerformance rating (1-5)
projectsintActive projects
absencesint1 if absent, 0 otherwise

Key Commands

1. Load Data into SQLite

bash
python src/create_db.py --csv data/employees.csv --db hr.db

Options:

  • --csv: Path to input CSV file
  • --db: Output SQLite database path
  • --table: Table name (default: employees)

2. Run Performance Analysis

bash
python src/analyze_performance.py --db hr.db --sql src/queries.sql --outdir outputs

Options:

  • --db: Path to SQLite database
  • --sql: Path to SQL queries file
  • --outdir: Output directory for CSV reports and charts

Core SQL Queries

The queries.sql file contains three main analytical views:

Department KPIs

sql
-- Department-level performance metricsCREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS department_kpis ASSELECT    department,    COUNT(DISTINCT employee_id) AS employee_count,    AVG(rating) AS avg_rating,    SUM(tasks_completed) AS total_tasks,    SUM(hours_worked) AS total_hours,    ROUND(AVG(CAST(absences AS FLOAT)), 2) AS absence_rate,    ROUND(SUM(tasks_completed) * 1.0 / SUM(hours_worked), 2) AS tasks_per_hourFROM employeesGROUP BY departmentORDER BY avg_rating DESC;

Employee Summary

sql
-- Individual employee performance aggregationCREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS employee_summary ASSELECT    employee_id,    name,    department,    role,    SUM(tasks_completed) AS total_tasks,    SUM(hours_worked) AS total_hours,    AVG(rating) AS avg_rating,    COUNT(DISTINCT projects) AS project_count,    SUM(absences) AS total_absences,    ROUND(SUM(tasks_completed) * 1.0 / SUM(hours_worked), 2) AS efficiencyFROM employeesGROUP BY employee_id, name, department, roleORDER BY efficiency DESC;

Daily Productivity

sql
-- Day-by-day productivity trackingCREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS daily_productivity ASSELECT    date,    department,    SUM(tasks_completed) AS daily_tasks,    SUM(hours_worked) AS daily_hours,    AVG(rating) AS daily_ratingFROM employeesGROUP BY date, departmentORDER BY date, department;

Python API Usage

Creating Database from CSV

python
import pandas as pdimport sqlite3
def create_database(csv_path, db_path, table_name='employees'):    """Load CSV into SQLite database."""    df = pd.read_csv(csv_path)        # Data validation    required_cols = ['employee_id', 'name', 'department', 'date',                      'tasks_completed', 'hours_worked', 'rating']    assert all(col in df.columns for col in required_cols), "Missing required columns"        # Create database    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)    df.to_sql(table_name, conn, if_exists='replace', index=False)    conn.close()    print(f"✓ Database created: {db_path}")
# Usagecreate_database('data/employees.csv', 'hr.db')

Running SQL Queries

python
import sqlite3import pandas as pd
def execute_sql_file(db_path, sql_file_path):    """Execute SQL script and return results."""    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)        with open(sql_file_path, 'r') as f:        sql_script = f.read()        # Execute all statements    cursor = conn.cursor()    cursor.executescript(sql_script)    conn.commit()        # Fetch view results    dept_kpis = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM department_kpis", conn)    emp_summary = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM employee_summary", conn)    daily_prod = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM daily_productivity", conn)        conn.close()        return dept_kpis, emp_summary, daily_prod

Generating Visualizations

python
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport seaborn as sns
def plot_department_ratings(dept_kpis, output_path):    """Bar chart of average rating by department."""    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))        sns.barplot(        data=dept_kpis,        x='department',        y='avg_rating',        palette='viridis'    )        plt.title('Average Performance Rating by Department', fontsize=16, weight='bold')    plt.xlabel('Department', fontsize=12)    plt.ylabel('Average Rating', fontsize=12)    plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')    plt.ylim(0, 5)    plt.grid(axis='y', alpha=0.3)    plt.tight_layout()    plt.savefig(output_path, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')    plt.close()
def plot_performance_vs_hours(emp_summary, output_path):    """Scatter plot of tasks vs hours worked."""    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))        scatter = plt.scatter(        emp_summary['total_hours'],        emp_summary['total_tasks'],        c=emp_summary['avg_rating'],        cmap='RdYlGn',        s=100,        alpha=0.6,        edgecolors='black'    )        plt.colorbar(scatter, label='Avg Rating')    plt.title('Tasks Completed vs Hours Worked', fontsize=16, weight='bold')    plt.xlabel('Total Hours Worked', fontsize=12)    plt.ylabel('Total Tasks Completed', fontsize=12)    plt.grid(alpha=0.3)    plt.tight_layout()    plt.savefig(output_path, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')    plt.close()
def plot_efficiency_distribution(emp_summary, output_path):    """Histogram of task completion rate."""    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))        plt.hist(        emp_summary['efficiency'].dropna(),        bins=30,        color='steelblue',        edgecolor='black',        alpha=0.7    )        plt.axvline(        emp_summary['efficiency'].median(),        color='red',        linestyle='--',        linewidth=2,        label=f"Median: {emp_summary['efficiency'].median():.2f}"    )        plt.title('Task Completion Rate Distribution', fontsize=16, weight='bold')    plt.xlabel('Tasks per Hour', fontsize=12)    plt.ylabel('Number of Employees', fontsize=12)    plt.legend()    plt.grid(alpha=0.3)    plt.tight_layout()    plt.savefig(output_path, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')    plt.close()

Complete Analysis Pipeline

python
import osimport sqlite3import pandas as pdimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport seaborn as snsfrom pathlib import Path
class HRAnalyzer:    """Complete HR analytics pipeline."""        def __init__(self, db_path, sql_path, output_dir):        self.db_path = db_path        self.sql_path = sql_path        self.output_dir = Path(output_dir)        self.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)        (self.output_dir / 'charts').mkdir(exist_ok=True)            def load_data(self):        """Execute SQL and load analytical views."""        conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_path)                # Execute SQL script        with open(self.sql_path, 'r') as f:            conn.executescript(f.read())                # Load views        self.dept_kpis = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM department_kpis", conn)        self.emp_summary = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM employee_summary", conn)        self.daily_prod = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM daily_productivity", conn)                conn.close()        print("✓ Data loaded from SQL views")            def export_reports(self):        """Save CSV reports."""        self.dept_kpis.to_csv(            self.output_dir / 'department_kpis.csv',            index=False        )        self.emp_summary.to_csv(            self.output_dir / 'performance_summary.csv',            index=False        )        print(f"✓ Reports saved to {self.output_dir}")            def generate_visualizations(self):        """Create all performance charts."""        charts_dir = self.output_dir / 'charts'                # Department ratings        plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))        sns.barplot(data=self.dept_kpis, x='department', y='avg_rating', palette='viridis')        plt.title('Average Rating by Department', fontsize=16, weight='bold')        plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')        plt.tight_layout()        plt.savefig(charts_dir / 'avg_rating_by_department.png', dpi=300)        plt.close()                # Performance vs hours        plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))        plt.scatter(            self.emp_summary['total_hours'],            self.emp_summary['total_tasks'],            c=self.emp_summary['avg_rating'],            cmap='RdYlGn',            s=100,            alpha=0.6        )        plt.colorbar(label='Avg Rating')        plt.title('Performance vs Hours Worked', fontsize=16, weight='bold')        plt.xlabel('Total Hours')        plt.ylabel('Total Tasks')        plt.tight_layout()        plt.savefig(charts_dir / 'performance_vs_hours.png', dpi=300)        plt.close()                # Efficiency distribution        plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))        plt.hist(self.emp_summary['efficiency'].dropna(), bins=30, color='steelblue', edgecolor='black')        plt.axvline(self.emp_summary['efficiency'].median(), color='red', linestyle='--', linewidth=2)        plt.title('Task Completion Rate Distribution', fontsize=16, weight='bold')        plt.xlabel('Tasks per Hour')        plt.ylabel('Count')        plt.tight_layout()        plt.savefig(charts_dir / 'task_completion_rate.png', dpi=300)        plt.close()                print(f"✓ Visualizations saved to {charts_dir}")            def run_full_analysis(self):        """Execute complete analytics pipeline."""        self.load_data()        self.export_reports()        self.generate_visualizations()        print("✓ Analysis complete!")
# Usageanalyzer = HRAnalyzer(    db_path='hr.db',    sql_path='src/queries.sql',    output_dir='outputs')analyzer.run_full_analysis()

Common Patterns

Custom KPI Queries

python
def get_top_performers(db_path, n=10):    """Retrieve top N employees by efficiency."""    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)    query = """    SELECT         name,         department,         efficiency,         avg_rating    FROM employee_summary    ORDER BY efficiency DESC    LIMIT ?    """    top_performers = pd.read_sql_query(query, conn, params=(n,))    conn.close()    return top_performers
def get_department_trends(db_path, department):    """Get time-series data for specific department."""    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)    query = """    SELECT         date,         daily_tasks,         daily_hours,         daily_rating    FROM daily_productivity    WHERE department = ?    ORDER BY date    """    trends = pd.read_sql_query(query, conn, params=(department,))    conn.close()    return trends

Filtering and Aggregation

python
def analyze_by_role(db_path, role_filter):    """Aggregate performance by specific role."""    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)    query = """    SELECT         role,        AVG(rating) as avg_rating,        AVG(tasks_completed) as avg_tasks,        AVG(hours_worked) as avg_hours    FROM employees    WHERE role LIKE ?    GROUP BY role    """    role_stats = pd.read_sql_query(query, conn, params=(f'%{role_filter}%',))    conn.close()    return role_stats

Adding New Metrics

python
def calculate_workload_balance(emp_summary):    """Calculate workload balance score."""    emp_summary['workload_score'] = (        emp_summary['total_tasks'] / emp_summary['total_tasks'].max() * 0.4 +        emp_summary['total_hours'] / emp_summary['total_hours'].max() * 0.3 +        emp_summary['avg_rating'] / 5 * 0.3    )    return emp_summary

Configuration

Custom Chart Styling

python
# Set global matplotlib styleplt.style.use('seaborn-v0_8-darkgrid')sns.set_palette("husl")
# Custom colorsDEPT_COLORS = {    'Engineering': '#3498db',    'Sales': '#e74c3c',    'Finance': '#2ecc71',    'HR': '#f39c12',    'Support': '#9b59b6'}

Database Configuration

python
# For larger datasets, enable performance optimizationsdef optimize_database(db_path):    """Apply SQLite performance settings."""    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)    cursor = conn.cursor()        cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL")    cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")    cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")    cursor.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_dept ON employees(department)")    cursor.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_date ON employees(date)")        conn.commit()    conn.close()

Troubleshooting

Missing Columns Error

python
# Validate CSV before loadingrequired_columns = [    'employee_id', 'name', 'department', 'role',     'date', 'tasks_completed', 'hours_worked',     'rating', 'projects', 'absences']
df = pd.read_csv('data/employees.csv')missing = set(required_columns) - set(df.columns)if missing:    raise ValueError(f"Missing columns: {missing}")

SQL View Not Found

python
# Check if views existdef verify_views(db_path):    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)    cursor = conn.cursor()    cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='view'")    views = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]    conn.close()        expected = ['department_kpis', 'employee_summary', 'daily_productivity']    missing = set(expected) - set(views)    if missing:        print(f"⚠ Missing views: {missing}. Re-run queries.sql")    else:        print("✓ All views exist")

Division by Zero in Efficiency

python
# Safe efficiency calculationemp_summary['efficiency'] = emp_summary.apply(    lambda row: row['total_tasks'] / row['total_hours']     if row['total_hours'] > 0 else None,    axis=1)

Date Parsing Issues

python
# Ensure proper date formatdf['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'], format='%Y-%m-%d', errors='coerce')df = df.dropna(subset=['date'])

Advanced Use Cases

Time Series Analysis

python
def plot_monthly_trends(db_path, department):    """Monthly productivity trends for a department."""    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)    query = """    SELECT         strftime('%Y-%m', date) as month,        AVG(rating) as avg_rating,        SUM(tasks_completed) as total_tasks    FROM employees    WHERE department = ?    GROUP BY month    ORDER BY month    """    df = pd.read_sql_query(query, conn, params=(department,))    conn.close()        fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 7))    ax2 = ax1.twinx()        ax1.plot(df['month'], df['avg_rating'], 'b-', linewidth=2, label='Avg Rating')    ax2.bar(df['month'], df['total_tasks'], alpha=0.3, color='gray', label='Total Tasks')        ax1.set_xlabel('Month')    ax1.set_ylabel('Average Rating', color='b')    ax2.set_ylabel('Total Tasks', color='gray')    plt.title(f'{department} Performance Trends')    plt.xticks(rotation=45)    plt.tight_layout()    plt.show()

Comparative Analysis

python
def compare_departments(dept_kpis):    """Generate department comparison report."""    comparison = dept_kpis[['department', 'avg_rating', 'tasks_per_hour', 'absence_rate']]        # Normalize metrics    for col in ['avg_rating', 'tasks_per_hour']:        comparison[f'{col}_norm'] = (            (comparison[col] - comparison[col].min()) /             (comparison[col].max() - comparison[col].min())        )        comparison['performance_index'] = (        comparison['avg_rating_norm'] * 0.5 +         comparison['tasks_per_hour_norm'] * 0.5    )        return comparison.sort_values('performance_index', ascending=False)

This skill provides comprehensive guidance for using the Employee Performance Analytics project to build HR dashboards, analyze workforce metrics, and generate actionable insights from employee data.

Source and attribution

Source:reason-machines/data-skillsinskills/employee-performance-analytics-hrat commit8e7bd5f

License: No license

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