M02 Resource

作者 actionbook5c40d3ad7851无许可证1.5K 个星标收录于 2026年10月8日更新于 2026年10月8日仓库6周前更新

CRITICAL: Use for smart pointers and resource management. Triggers: Box, Rc, Arc, Weak, RefCell, Cell, smart pointer, heap allocation, reference counting, RAII, Drop, should I use Box or Rc, when to use Arc vs Rc, 智能指针, 引用计数, 堆分配

仅含说明Software Development

AI 生成的概览

指导 Rust 开发者选择智能指针与所有权模式，如 Box、Rc、Arc、Weak、Cell 和 RefCell。

功能: 该技能是 Rust 资源管理的决策指南。它梳理所有权模型、线程上下文和引用循环，再把具体情形对应到 Box、Rc、Arc、Weak、Cell、RefCell 等类型。它还列出常见错误、反模式，以及在指针选择不明确时可参考的相关主题。
适用场景: 当需要在智能指针之间做选择时使用，例如 Box 与 Rc、Arc 与 Rc 的取舍，或排查 Rc 内存泄漏、RefCell panic、Arc 开销过大等问题。它也适合用于思考堆分配、引用计数、RAII 或 Drop 行为。
运行要求: 无需任何工具、软件包或凭据；该技能仅包含说明，不含脚本。

Resource Management

Layer 1: Language Mechanics

Core Question

What ownership pattern does this resource need?

Before choosing a smart pointer, understand:

Is ownership single or shared?
Is access single-threaded or multi-threaded?
Are there potential cycles?

Error → Design Question

Error	Don't Just Say	Ask Instead
"Need heap allocation"	"Use Box"	Why can't this be on stack?
Rc memory leak	"Use Weak"	Is the cycle necessary in design?
RefCell panic	"Use try_borrow"	Is runtime check the right approach?
Arc overhead complaint	"Accept it"	Is multi-thread access actually needed?

Thinking Prompt

Before choosing a smart pointer:

What's the ownership model?
- Single owner → Box or owned value
- Shared ownership → Rc/Arc
- Weak reference → Weak
What's the thread context?
- Single-thread → Rc, Cell, RefCell
- Multi-thread → Arc, Mutex, RwLock
Are there cycles?
- Yes → One direction must be Weak
- No → Regular Rc/Arc is fine

Trace Up ↑

When pointer choice is unclear, trace to design:

"Should I use Arc or Rc?"    ↑ Ask: Is this data shared across threads?    ↑ Check: m07-concurrency (thread model)    ↑ Check: domain-* (performance constraints)

"Should I use Arc or Rc?"    ↑ Ask: Is this data shared across threads?    ↑ Check: m07-concurrency (thread model)    ↑ Check: domain-* (performance constraints)

Situation	Trace To	Question
Rc vs Arc confusion	m07-concurrency	What's the concurrency model?
RefCell panics	m03-mutability	Is interior mutability right here?
Memory leaks	m12-lifecycle	Where should cleanup happen?

Trace Down ↓

From design to implementation:

"Need single-owner heap data"    ↓ Use: Box<T>
"Need shared immutable data (single-thread)"    ↓ Use: Rc<T>
"Need shared immutable data (multi-thread)"    ↓ Use: Arc<T>
"Need to break reference cycle"    ↓ Use: Weak<T>
"Need shared mutable data"    ↓ Single-thread: Rc<RefCell<T>>    ↓ Multi-thread: Arc<Mutex<T>> or Arc<RwLock<T>>

"Need single-owner heap data"    ↓ Use: Box<T>
"Need shared immutable data (single-thread)"    ↓ Use: Rc<T>
"Need shared immutable data (multi-thread)"    ↓ Use: Arc<T>
"Need to break reference cycle"    ↓ Use: Weak<T>
"Need shared mutable data"    ↓ Single-thread: Rc<RefCell<T>>    ↓ Multi-thread: Arc<Mutex<T>> or Arc<RwLock<T>>

Quick Reference

Type	Ownership	Thread-Safe	Use When
`Box<T>`	Single	Yes	Heap allocation, recursive types
`Rc<T>`	Shared	No	Single-thread shared ownership
`Arc<T>`	Shared	Yes	Multi-thread shared ownership
`Weak<T>`	Weak ref	Same as Rc/Arc	Break reference cycles
`Cell<T>`	Single	No	Interior mutability (Copy types)
`RefCell<T>`	Single	No	Interior mutability (runtime check)

Decision Flowchart

Need heap allocation?├─ Yes → Single owner?│        ├─ Yes → Box<T>│        └─ No → Multi-thread?│                ├─ Yes → Arc<T>│                └─ No → Rc<T>└─ No → Stack allocation (default)
Have reference cycles?├─ Yes → Use Weak for one direction└─ No → Regular Rc/Arc
Need interior mutability?├─ Yes → Thread-safe needed?│        ├─ Yes → Mutex<T> or RwLock<T>│        └─ No → T: Copy? → Cell<T> : RefCell<T>└─ No → Use &mut T

Need heap allocation?├─ Yes → Single owner?│        ├─ Yes → Box<T>│        └─ No → Multi-thread?│                ├─ Yes → Arc<T>│                └─ No → Rc<T>└─ No → Stack allocation (default)
Have reference cycles?├─ Yes → Use Weak for one direction└─ No → Regular Rc/Arc
Need interior mutability?├─ Yes → Thread-safe needed?│        ├─ Yes → Mutex<T> or RwLock<T>│        └─ No → T: Copy? → Cell<T> : RefCell<T>└─ No → Use &mut T

Common Errors

Problem	Cause	Fix
Rc cycle leak	Mutual strong refs	Use Weak for one direction
RefCell panic	Borrow conflict at runtime	Use try_borrow or restructure
Arc overhead	Atomic ops in hot path	Consider Rc if single-threaded
Box unnecessary	Data fits on stack	Remove Box

Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Why Bad	Better
Arc everywhere	Unnecessary atomic overhead	Use Rc for single-thread
RefCell everywhere	Runtime panics	Design clear ownership
Box for small types	Unnecessary allocation	Stack allocation
Ignore Weak for cycles	Memory leaks	Design parent-child with Weak

Related Skills

来源与署名

来源：actionbook/rust-skills位于skills/m02-resource提交5c40d3a

许可证：无许可证

内容归原作者所有。SourceWeft 从公开仓库中收录这些内容。

举报或申请下架

When	See
Ownership errors	m01-ownership
Interior mutability details	m03-mutability
Multi-thread context	m07-concurrency
Resource lifecycle	m12-lifecycle

M02 Resource

Resource Management

Core Question

Error → Design Question

Thinking Prompt

Trace Up ↑

Trace Down ↓

Quick Reference

Decision Flowchart

Common Errors

Anti-Patterns

Related Skills

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