Authentication

codewithmukesh/dotnet-claude-kit/skills/authentication

作者 codewithmukesh23300897f4d1无许可证754 个星标收录于 2026年10月8日更新于 2026年10月8日仓库2个月前更新

Authentication and authorization for ASP.NET Core. Covers JWT bearer tokens, OpenID Connect, ASP.NET Identity, authorization policies, role and claim-based authorization, and API key authentication. Load this skill when implementing login, protecting endpoints, designing authorization rules, or when the user mentions "auth", "JWT", "bearer token", "OIDC", "OpenID Connect", "Identity", "claims", "roles", "authorize", "RequireAuthorization", "API key", or "cookie auth".

仅含说明Software Development

AI 生成的概览

指导 ASP.NET Core 的身份验证与授权，涵盖 JWT 持有者令牌、OpenID Connect、Identity 和策略。

功能: 该技能为在 ASP.NET Core 中实现身份验证和授权提供参考指导与代码模式。内容涵盖 JWT 持有者令牌的配置与验证、令牌生成、带自定义要求的基于策略的授权、终结点保护、OpenID Connect 以及访问当前用户。它还列出了反模式，并提供将场景映射到推荐做法的决策指南。
适用场景: 在 ASP.NET Core 中实现登录、保护终结点或设计授权规则时使用。涉及 JWT、持有者令牌、OIDC、ASP.NET Identity、声明、角色、API 密钥或 Cookie 身份验证时也适用。
运行要求: 不包含脚本，仅为说明性内容。按其中的模式操作需要 ASP.NET Core 项目及相关 NuGet 包（如 Microsoft.IdentityModel.JsonWebTokens），以及 JWT 颁发者、受众和密钥的配置值。

Authentication & Authorization

Core Principles

Use ASP.NET Identity for user management — Don't build your own user store. Identity handles password hashing, lockout, two-factor, email confirmation, and (since .NET 10) built-in passkey/WebAuthn support for passwordless login.
JWT for APIs, cookies for web apps — APIs use Bearer token authentication; Blazor/MVC apps use cookie authentication.
Policy-based authorization over roles — Policies are testable, composable, and more expressive than [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")].
Never store secrets in code — Use user secrets in development, Azure Key Vault / environment variables in production.

Patterns

JWT Bearer Authentication

csharp

// Program.csbuilder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)    .AddJwtBearer(options =>    {        options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters        {            ValidateIssuer = true,            ValidateAudience = true,            ValidateLifetime = true,            ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,            ValidIssuer = builder.Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"],            ValidAudience = builder.Configuration["Jwt:Audience"],            IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(                Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(builder.Configuration["Jwt:Key"]!)),            ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero        };    });
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();

// Program.csbuilder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)    .AddJwtBearer(options =>    {        options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters        {            ValidateIssuer = true,            ValidateAudience = true,            ValidateLifetime = true,            ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,            ValidIssuer = builder.Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"],            ValidAudience = builder.Configuration["Jwt:Audience"],            IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(                Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(builder.Configuration["Jwt:Key"]!)),            ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero        };    });
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();

Token Generation

Use JsonWebTokenHandler from Microsoft.IdentityModel.JsonWebTokens — it is the maintained, span-based handler that ASP.NET Core itself validates with. JwtSecurityTokenHandler (System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt) is the legacy stack.

csharp

public sealed class TokenService(IConfiguration config, TimeProvider clock){    private static readonly JsonWebTokenHandler TokenHandler = new();
    public string GenerateToken(User user, IEnumerable<string> roles)    {        var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(config["Jwt:Key"]!));        var now = clock.GetUtcNow();
        var descriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor        {            Issuer = config["Jwt:Issuer"],            Audience = config["Jwt:Audience"],            IssuedAt = now.UtcDateTime,            Expires = now.AddHours(1).UtcDateTime,            Claims = new Dictionary<string, object>            {                [JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub] = user.Id,                [JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Email] = user.Email!,                [JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Name] = user.UserName!,                ["roles"] = roles.ToArray()            },            SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256)        };
        return TokenHandler.CreateToken(descriptor);    }}

public sealed class TokenService(IConfiguration config, TimeProvider clock){    private static readonly JsonWebTokenHandler TokenHandler = new();
    public string GenerateToken(User user, IEnumerable<string> roles)    {        var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(config["Jwt:Key"]!));        var now = clock.GetUtcNow();
        var descriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor        {            Issuer = config["Jwt:Issuer"],            Audience = config["Jwt:Audience"],            IssuedAt = now.UtcDateTime,            Expires = now.AddHours(1).UtcDateTime,            Claims = new Dictionary<string, object>            {                [JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub] = user.Id,                [JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Email] = user.Email!,                [JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Name] = user.UserName!,                ["roles"] = roles.ToArray()            },            SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256)        };
        return TokenHandler.CreateToken(descriptor);    }}

Policy-Based Authorization

csharp

// Define policiesbuilder.Services.AddAuthorizationBuilder()    .AddPolicy("AdminOnly", policy => policy.RequireRole("Admin"))    .AddPolicy("CanManageOrders", policy => policy        .RequireAuthenticatedUser()        .RequireClaim("permission", "orders:write"))    .AddPolicy("MinimumAge", policy => policy        .AddRequirements(new MinimumAgeRequirement(18)));
// Custom requirement + handlerpublic class MinimumAgeRequirement(int minimumAge) : IAuthorizationRequirement{    public int MinimumAge => minimumAge;}
public class MinimumAgeHandler(TimeProvider clock) : AuthorizationHandler<MinimumAgeRequirement>{    protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(        AuthorizationHandlerContext context,        MinimumAgeRequirement requirement)    {        var dateOfBirthClaim = context.User.FindFirst("date_of_birth");        if (dateOfBirthClaim is not null &&            DateOnly.TryParse(dateOfBirthClaim.Value, out var dob) &&            dob.AddYears(requirement.MinimumAge) <= DateOnly.FromDateTime(clock.GetUtcNow().DateTime))        {            context.Succeed(requirement);        }        return Task.CompletedTask;    }}

// Define policiesbuilder.Services.AddAuthorizationBuilder()    .AddPolicy("AdminOnly", policy => policy.RequireRole("Admin"))    .AddPolicy("CanManageOrders", policy => policy        .RequireAuthenticatedUser()        .RequireClaim("permission", "orders:write"))    .AddPolicy("MinimumAge", policy => policy        .AddRequirements(new MinimumAgeRequirement(18)));
// Custom requirement + handlerpublic class MinimumAgeRequirement(int minimumAge) : IAuthorizationRequirement{    public int MinimumAge => minimumAge;}
public class MinimumAgeHandler(TimeProvider clock) : AuthorizationHandler<MinimumAgeRequirement>{    protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(        AuthorizationHandlerContext context,        MinimumAgeRequirement requirement)    {        var dateOfBirthClaim = context.User.FindFirst("date_of_birth");        if (dateOfBirthClaim is not null &&            DateOnly.TryParse(dateOfBirthClaim.Value, out var dob) &&            dob.AddYears(requirement.MinimumAge) <= DateOnly.FromDateTime(clock.GetUtcNow().DateTime))        {            context.Succeed(requirement);        }        return Task.CompletedTask;    }}

Protecting Endpoints

csharp

// Protect an entire groupapp.MapGroup("/api/admin")    .WithTags("Admin")    .RequireAuthorization("AdminOnly")    .MapAdminEndpoints();
// Protect individual endpointsgroup.MapPost("/", CreateOrder)    .RequireAuthorization("CanManageOrders");
// Allow anonymous on a protected groupgroup.MapGet("/public-info", GetPublicInfo)    .AllowAnonymous();

// Protect an entire groupapp.MapGroup("/api/admin")    .WithTags("Admin")    .RequireAuthorization("AdminOnly")    .MapAdminEndpoints();
// Protect individual endpointsgroup.MapPost("/", CreateOrder)    .RequireAuthorization("CanManageOrders");
// Allow anonymous on a protected groupgroup.MapGet("/public-info", GetPublicInfo)    .AllowAnonymous();

OpenID Connect (External Identity Provider)

csharp

builder.Services.AddAuthentication(options =>{    options.DefaultScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = OpenIdConnectDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;}).AddCookie().AddOpenIdConnect(options =>{    options.Authority = builder.Configuration["Oidc:Authority"];    options.ClientId = builder.Configuration["Oidc:ClientId"];    options.ClientSecret = builder.Configuration["Oidc:ClientSecret"];    options.ResponseType = "code";    options.SaveTokens = true;    options.Scope.Add("openid");    options.Scope.Add("profile");    options.Scope.Add("email");});

builder.Services.AddAuthentication(options =>{    options.DefaultScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = OpenIdConnectDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;}).AddCookie().AddOpenIdConnect(options =>{    options.Authority = builder.Configuration["Oidc:Authority"];    options.ClientId = builder.Configuration["Oidc:ClientId"];    options.ClientSecret = builder.Configuration["Oidc:ClientSecret"];    options.ResponseType = "code";    options.SaveTokens = true;    options.Scope.Add("openid");    options.Scope.Add("profile");    options.Scope.Add("email");});

Accessing Current User

csharp

// In minimal API handlers — inject ClaimsPrincipal or HttpContextgroup.MapGet("/me", (ClaimsPrincipal user) =>{    var userId = user.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);    var email = user.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.Email);    return TypedResults.Ok(new { userId, email });}).RequireAuthorization();

// In minimal API handlers — inject ClaimsPrincipal or HttpContextgroup.MapGet("/me", (ClaimsPrincipal user) =>{    var userId = user.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);    var email = user.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.Email);    return TypedResults.Ok(new { userId, email });}).RequireAuthorization();

Anti-patterns

Don't Use Role Strings Everywhere

csharp

// BAD — magic strings, hard to refactor, not testable[Authorize(Roles = "Admin,SuperAdmin,Manager")]public class AdminController { }
// GOOD — policy-basedbuilder.Services.AddAuthorizationBuilder()    .AddPolicy("AdminAccess", p => p.RequireRole("Admin", "SuperAdmin", "Manager"));
group.MapGet("/", Handler).RequireAuthorization("AdminAccess");

// BAD — magic strings, hard to refactor, not testable[Authorize(Roles = "Admin,SuperAdmin,Manager")]public class AdminController { }
// GOOD — policy-basedbuilder.Services.AddAuthorizationBuilder()    .AddPolicy("AdminAccess", p => p.RequireRole("Admin", "SuperAdmin", "Manager"));
group.MapGet("/", Handler).RequireAuthorization("AdminAccess");

Don't Store Secrets in appsettings.json

bash

# GOOD — use user secrets in developmentdotnet user-secrets set "Jwt:Key" "super-secret-key-12345"

# GOOD — use user secrets in developmentdotnet user-secrets set "Jwt:Key" "super-secret-key-12345"

Don't Skip Token Validation

csharp

// BAD — disabling validationoptions.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters{    ValidateIssuer = false,      // DON'T    ValidateAudience = false,    // DON'T    ValidateLifetime = false,    // DEFINITELY DON'T};
// GOOD — validate everything (see JWT Bearer Authentication pattern above for full setup)

// BAD — disabling validationoptions.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters{    ValidateIssuer = false,      // DON'T    ValidateAudience = false,    // DON'T    ValidateLifetime = false,    // DEFINITELY DON'T};
// GOOD — validate everything (see JWT Bearer Authentication pattern above for full setup)

Decision Guide

Scenario	Recommendation
REST API	JWT Bearer authentication
Blazor Server / MVC	Cookie authentication
External identity provider	OpenID Connect
User registration / login	ASP.NET Identity
Passwordless login	ASP.NET Identity passkeys (WebAuthn, built-in since .NET 10)
Permission checking	Policy-based authorization
Multi-tenant API	Claims-based with tenant claim
API-to-API communication	Client credentials (OAuth 2.0)
Simple API keys	Custom `AuthenticationHandler<T>`

来源与署名

来源：codewithmukesh/dotnet-claude-kit位于skills/authentication提交2330089

许可证：无许可证

内容归原作者所有。SourceWeft 从公开仓库中收录这些内容。

举报或申请下架

Authentication

Authentication & Authorization

Core Principles

Patterns

JWT Bearer Authentication

Token Generation

Policy-Based Authorization

Protecting Endpoints

OpenID Connect (External Identity Provider)

Accessing Current User

Anti-patterns

Don't Use Role Strings Everywhere

Don't Store Secrets in appsettings.json

Don't Skip Token Validation

Decision Guide

来源与署名

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