Promql

作者 grafana1ccacf29049fApache-2.0279 个星标收录于 2026年10月8日更新于 2026年10月8日仓库今天更新

Write, validate, and optimize PromQL for Prometheus / Grafana Mimir / Grafana Cloud Metrics. Covers `rate` vs `irate` vs `increase`, label matchers and regex, `sum / avg / topk / by / without` aggregation, classic + native `histogram_quantile`, ratios with divide-by-zero guards, `absent` / `changes` for staleness, time offsets and `predict_linear`, recording-rule naming, SLO + burn-rate math, and a cardinality-hunting playbook. Use when writing a metric query, fixing wrong p95s, building an error-budget alert, debugging "query is slow", finding the noisy label that blew up cardinality, or migrating a dashboard query to a recording rule — even when the user says "calculate the error rate", "p99 latency", "sum by service", "why is this query slow", or "what's filling Mimir" without naming PromQL.

仅含说明DevOps & Cloud Data & Analytics

AI 生成的概览

编写、验证并优化用于 Prometheus、Grafana Mimir 和 Grafana Cloud Metrics 的 PromQL 查询。

功能: 提供 PromQL 模式与工作流程，用于编写和验证指标查询，涵盖 rate、irate 与 increase 的区别、标签匹配器、聚合、histogram_quantile、除零保护、陈旧数据处理、时间偏移和 SLO 燃烧率计算。还涉及将缓慢的仪表盘表达式转换为记录规则，以及排查高基数标签。产出查询表达式、记录规则 YAML 以及针对兼容 Prometheus 的查询 API 的验证步骤。
适用场景: 适用于编写或修复指标查询、纠正错误的 p95 或 p99 数值、构建错误预算告警、调试缓慢查询、查找导致基数膨胀的标签，或将仪表盘查询迁移为记录规则。
运行要求: 需要 Prometheus、Grafana Mimir 或 Grafana Cloud Metrics 查询端点（Grafana Cloud 需基本认证凭据）以及随附的参考模式库。仅为说明文档，不附带脚本。

PromQL Query Patterns

Docs: https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/

PromQL returns either an instant vector, a range vector, or a scalar.

Golden rule: rate() / increase() require a range vector ≥ 4× the scrape interval. 60s scrape → use [5m] minimum.

Prerequisites

A Prometheus / Mimir / Grafana Cloud endpoint to query (/api/v1/query or via Grafana Explore)
The PromQL pattern library in references/patterns.md [blocked]

Common Workflows

1. Write + validate a query

bash

# 0. Point at your Prometheus/Mimir. For Grafana Cloud, use the metrics endpoint#    and add basic auth (-u "<metrics_user>:<token>") to each curl below.PROM=http://localhost:9090   # or https://prometheus-prod-XX.grafana.net/api/prom
# 1. Sketch the query — for "5xx error rate per service":EXPR='sum(rate(http_requests_total{status_code=~"5.."}[5m])) by (service)'
# 2. Validate syntax + that the metric/labels existcurl -sG --data-urlencode "query=${EXPR}" \  "$PROM/api/v1/query" | jq '.status, (.data.result|length)'# Expect: "success" and result count > 0. If 0 — check label spelling and scrape activity:curl -sG --data-urlencode "match[]=http_requests_total" "$PROM/api/v1/series" | jq '.data | length'
# 3. Sanity-check the magnitude — open Grafana Explore, paste the expr,#    confirm the values look right against a known ground truth (k6 run, log count, etc.)

# 0. Point at your Prometheus/Mimir. For Grafana Cloud, use the metrics endpoint#    and add basic auth (-u "<metrics_user>:<token>") to each curl below.PROM=http://localhost:9090   # or https://prometheus-prod-XX.grafana.net/api/prom
# 1. Sketch the query — for "5xx error rate per service":EXPR='sum(rate(http_requests_total{status_code=~"5.."}[5m])) by (service)'
# 2. Validate syntax + that the metric/labels existcurl -sG --data-urlencode "query=${EXPR}" \  "$PROM/api/v1/query" | jq '.status, (.data.result|length)'# Expect: "success" and result count > 0. If 0 — check label spelling and scrape activity:curl -sG --data-urlencode "match[]=http_requests_total" "$PROM/api/v1/series" | jq '.data | length'
# 3. Sanity-check the magnitude — open Grafana Explore, paste the expr,#    confirm the values look right against a known ground truth (k6 run, log count, etc.)

2. Common patterns to copy

Per-status request rate (aggregate AFTER rate):

p95 latency (must keep le in the inner aggregation):

Error rate with divide-by-zero guard:

promql

sum(rate(http_requests_total{status_code=~"5.."}[5m]))  / (sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) > 0)

sum(rate(http_requests_total{status_code=~"5.."}[5m]))  / (sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) > 0)

Full library (recording rules, SLO burn-rate, offsets, cardinality hunt, native histograms): references/patterns.md [blocked].

3. Convert a slow dashboard query into a recording rule

yaml

# 1. Pick the slow expression, give it a recording-rule namegroups:  - name: http_request_rates    interval: 1m    rules:      - record: job:http_request_duration_p95:rate5m        expr: |          histogram_quantile(0.95,            sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, job))

# 1. Pick the slow expression, give it a recording-rule namegroups:  - name: http_request_rates    interval: 1m    rules:      - record: job:http_request_duration_p95:rate5m        expr: |          histogram_quantile(0.95,            sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, job))

bash

# 2. After rules load, verify the new metric existscurl -sG --data-urlencode "query=job:http_request_duration_p95:rate5m" \  "$PROM/api/v1/query" | jq '.data.result | length'   # → > 0
# 3. Verify it matches the original expression for at least one sample window# (Both queries should produce the same value at the same timestamp.)
# 4. Replace the dashboard panel expression with the recording-rule metric.

# 2. After rules load, verify the new metric existscurl -sG --data-urlencode "query=job:http_request_duration_p95:rate5m" \  "$PROM/api/v1/query" | jq '.data.result | length'   # → > 0
# 3. Verify it matches the original expression for at least one sample window# (Both queries should produce the same value at the same timestamp.)
# 4. Replace the dashboard panel expression with the recording-rule metric.

Common bugs

histogram_quantile returns NaN → forgot by (le) in the inner aggregation
"No data" → check the metric exists (/api/v1/series) and the window ≥ 4× scrape interval
Wrong rate magnitude → counter was aggregated before rate() (always rate() first)
Query timeout → series count too high; use topk(...) + a recording rule + drop high-cardinality labels (see references/patterns.md [blocked])

Resources

来源与署名

来源：grafana/skills位于skills/grafana-core/promql提交1ccacf2

许可证： Apache-2.0

内容归原作者所有。SourceWeft 从公开仓库中收录这些内容。

举报或申请下架

Promql

PromQL Query Patterns

Prerequisites

Common Workflows

1. Write + validate a query

2. Common patterns to copy

3. Convert a slow dashboard query into a recording rule

Common bugs

Resources

来源与署名

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