Littlesnitch Linux

作者 reason-machines2384a003145a无许可证83 个星标收录于 2026年10月8日更新于 2026年10月8日仓库3个月前更新

Open source eBPF-based network monitoring and blocking components for Little Snitch on Linux

AI 生成的概览

指导用 Rust 与 Aya 构建并运行基于 eBPF 的 Linux 网络监控与拦截工具。

功能
该技能介绍一个用 Rust 编写的开源 eBPF Linux 网络监控与拦截工具包,说明其 crate 结构、前置条件和构建步骤。它讲解如何加载 eBPF 程序、从 blocked_hosts.txt 和 blocked_domains.txt 填充黑名单映射,以及如何从环形缓冲区读取连接事件。它还提供 eBPF 加载、构建和验证器报错的排查指引。
适用场景
适用于搭建或扩展基于 eBPF 的 Linux 网络监控或防火墙,以及使用 Rust 与 Aya 加载 eBPF 程序和映射的场景。也可用于排查 eBPF 构建、权限和验证器相关问题。
运行要求
需要 Linux 内核 5.15 或更高版本并支持 eBPF 与 BTF/CO-RE,具备 root 或 CAP_BPF 权限,以及 Rust stable 与 nightly 工具链(含 rust-src)、bpf-linker、clang 和 Aya 相关 crate。该技能不包含脚本,仅为说明文档。

Little Snitch for Linux — eBPF Network Monitor

Skill by ara.so — Daily 2026 Skills collection.

Little Snitch for Linux is an open-source eBPF-based network monitoring and blocking toolkit written in Rust. It attaches eBPF programs to the Linux kernel to intercept network connections, then shares data between kernel and user space via eBPF maps. The open-source portion includes eBPF programs, shared types, and a demo runner; the full product from Objective Development includes additional proprietary UI and rule-engine components.


Architecture Overview

┌─────────────────────────────────┐│        demo-runner (user space) ││  - loads eBPF programs          ││  - populates eBPF maps          ││  - reads events from kernel     │└────────────┬────────────────────┘             │  eBPF maps (shared memory)┌────────────▼────────────────────┐│        ebpf crate (kernel)      ││  - eBPF programs (TC, LSM, etc) ││  - intercepts network syscalls  │└─────────────────────────────────┘             │┌────────────▼────────────────────┐│        common crate             ││  - shared types & functions     ││  - used by both kernel & user   │└─────────────────────────────────┘

Crates:

  • ebpf/ — eBPF kernel-space programs (compiled to BPF bytecode)
  • common/ — Shared types between kernel and user space
  • demo-runner/ — User-space loader and event consumer
  • webroot/ — JavaScript web UI

Prerequisites

Rust Toolchains

bash
# Install stable toolchainrustup toolchain install stable
# Install nightly with rust-src (required for eBPF compilation)rustup toolchain install nightly --component rust-src

System Dependencies

bash
# Install bpf-linkercargo install bpf-linker
# Install clang (required for eBPF compilation)# Ubuntu/Debian:sudo apt install clang
# Fedora/RHEL:sudo dnf install clang
# Arch Linux:sudo pacman -S clang

Kernel Requirements

  • Linux kernel 5.15+ (for BTF and CO-RE support)
  • eBPF enabled in kernel config (CONFIG_BPF=y, CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y)
  • CAP_BPF or root privileges to load eBPF programs

Build & Run

bash
# Clone the repositorygit clone https://github.com/obdev/littlesnitch-linuxcd littlesnitch-linux
# Build everything (eBPF programs are auto-built via build scripts)cargo build --release
# Run the demo runner (requires root or CAP_BPF)sudo cargo run --release
# Check without buildingcargo check

Note: Cargo build scripts automatically compile the eBPF programs and embed them in the binary — no manual eBPF compilation step needed.


Blocklist Configuration

The demo runner loads two blocklist files at startup:

blocked_hosts.txt

One IP address or hostname per line:

93.184.216.34203.0.113.0198.51.100.1

blocked_domains.txt

One domain suffix per line (blocks domain and all subdomains):

example.comads.doubleclick.nettracking.example.org

Place these files in the working directory before running:

bash
echo "93.184.216.34" > blocked_hosts.txtecho "example.com" > blocked_domains.txtsudo cargo run --release

Common Crate — Shared Types

The common crate defines types shared between kernel eBPF code and user-space. When extending the project, add new shared types here.

rust
// common/src/lib.rs — example of how shared types are structured#![no_std]
// Connection event sent from kernel to user space via perf/ring buffer#[repr(C)]#[derive(Clone, Copy)]pub struct ConnectionEvent {    pub pid: u32,    pub uid: u32,    pub src_addr: u32,   // IPv4 in network byte order    pub dst_addr: u32,    pub src_port: u16,    pub dst_port: u16,    pub protocol: u8,    pub action: u8,      // 0 = allow, 1 = block}
// Key type for the blocked hosts map#[repr(C)]#[derive(Clone, Copy)]pub struct IpKey {    pub addr: u32,}

eBPF Crate — Kernel Programs

eBPF programs live in ebpf/src/ and are compiled to BPF bytecode using the nightly toolchain.

rust
// ebpf/src/main.rs — example TC (Traffic Control) eBPF program structure#![no_std]#![no_main]
use aya_ebpf::{    macros::classifier,    programs::TcContext,    maps::HashMap,};use aya_ebpf::bindings::TC_ACT_SHOT;use aya_ebpf::bindings::TC_ACT_OK;use common::IpKey;
// Map shared with user space — populated by demo-runner#[map]static BLOCKED_HOSTS: HashMap<IpKey, u8> = HashMap::with_max_entries(65536, 0);
#[classifier]pub fn egress_filter(ctx: TcContext) -> i32 {    match try_egress_filter(ctx) {        Ok(action) => action,        Err(_) => TC_ACT_OK,    }}
fn try_egress_filter(ctx: TcContext) -> Result<i32, ()> {    // Extract destination IP from packet headers    let dst_addr = /* parse from ctx */ 0u32;    let key = IpKey { addr: dst_addr };
    if unsafe { BLOCKED_HOSTS.get(&key) }.is_some() {        return Ok(TC_ACT_SHOT); // Drop the packet    }
    Ok(TC_ACT_OK)}

Demo Runner — User Space Loader

The demo runner uses Aya to load eBPF programs and interact with maps.

rust
// demo-runner/src/main.rs — loading eBPF and populating mapsuse aya::{Bpf, maps::HashMap};use aya::programs::{tc, SchedClassifier, TcAttachType};use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {    // Load the compiled eBPF object (embedded at build time)    let mut bpf = Bpf::load(aya::include_loaded_bytes!("../../target/bpfel-unknown-none/release/ebpf"))?;
    // Attach TC classifier to network interface    let iface = "eth0";    tc::qdisc_add_clsact(iface)?;
    let program: &mut SchedClassifier = bpf        .program_mut("egress_filter")        .unwrap()        .try_into()?;    program.load()?;    program.attach(iface, TcAttachType::Egress)?;
    // Populate blocked hosts map from file    let mut blocked_hosts: HashMap<_, u32, u8> =        HashMap::try_from(bpf.map_mut("BLOCKED_HOSTS").unwrap())?;
    let hosts = std::fs::read_to_string("blocked_hosts.txt")?;    for line in hosts.lines() {        let line = line.trim();        if line.is_empty() || line.starts_with('#') { continue; }        if let Ok(addr) = line.parse::<Ipv4Addr>() {            let ip_u32 = u32::from(addr).to_be();            blocked_hosts.insert(ip_u32, 1, 0)?;            println!("Blocked host: {}", line);        }    }
    println!("eBPF programs loaded. Monitoring traffic...");
    // Keep running, handle Ctrl+C    tokio::signal::ctrl_c().await?;    println!("Shutting down.");    Ok(())}

Adding a New Blocked Domain

rust
// Pattern: populate domain blocklist map in demo-runneruse aya::maps::HashMap;
fn load_blocked_domains(    bpf: &mut aya::Bpf,    path: &str,) -> anyhow::Result<()> {    let mut map: HashMap<_, [u8; 256], u8> =        HashMap::try_from(bpf.map_mut("BLOCKED_DOMAINS").unwrap())?;
    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;    for domain in content.lines() {        let domain = domain.trim();        if domain.is_empty() { continue; }
        let mut key = [0u8; 256];        let bytes = domain.as_bytes();        key[..bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(bytes);        map.insert(key, 1, 0)?;    }    Ok(())}

Reading Events from Kernel

rust
// Pattern: consume connection events from ring bufferuse aya::maps::RingBuf;use aya::util::online_cpus;use common::ConnectionEvent;use tokio::io::unix::AsyncFd;
async fn read_events(bpf: &mut aya::Bpf) -> anyhow::Result<()> {    let ring_buf = RingBuf::try_from(bpf.map_mut("EVENTS").unwrap())?;    let mut async_fd = AsyncFd::new(ring_buf)?;
    loop {        let mut guard = async_fd.readable_mut().await?;        let ring_buf = guard.get_inner_mut();
        while let Some(item) = ring_buf.next() {            let event: &ConnectionEvent = unsafe {                &*(item.as_ptr() as *const ConnectionEvent)            };            println!(                "pid={} dst={}:{} action={}",                event.pid,                Ipv4Addr::from(u32::from_be(event.dst_addr)),                u16::from_be(event.dst_port),                if event.action == 1 { "BLOCKED" } else { "ALLOWED" }            );        }        guard.clear_ready();    }}

Cargo.toml Structure

toml
# demo-runner/Cargo.toml[package]name = "demo-runner"version = "0.1.0"edition = "2021"
[dependencies]aya = { version = "0.12", features = ["async_tokio"] }aya-log = "0.2"common = { path = "../common" }anyhow = "1"tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }log = "0.4"env_logger = "0.10"
[build-dependencies]aya-build = "0.1"
toml
# ebpf/Cargo.toml[package]name = "ebpf"version = "0.1.0"edition = "2021"
[dependencies]aya-ebpf = "0.1"aya-log-ebpf = "0.1"common = { path = "../common" }
[[bin]]name = "ebpf"path = "src/main.rs"

Troubleshooting

"Operation not permitted" when loading eBPF

bash
# Run with sudo or grant capabilitiessudo cargo run --release
# Or grant cap_bpf to the binary after buildsudo setcap cap_bpf,cap_net_admin+eip target/release/demo-runner./target/release/demo-runner

Build fails: bpf-linker not found

bash
cargo install bpf-linker# If it fails, ensure LLVM is installed:sudo apt install llvm-dev libclang-dev  # Debian/Ubuntu

eBPF verifier rejects program

  • Reduce map sizes or loop bounds
  • Ensure all memory accesses are bounds-checked
  • Check kernel version supports the helpers you're using:
    bash
    uname -r  # Should be 5.15+

Map not found error

bash
# Verify eBPF object was built and embedded correctlycargo build --release 2>&1 | grep -i ebpf# The build script in demo-runner/build.rs handles this automatically

blocked_hosts.txt not found

bash
# Run from repo root, or specify path explicitlytouch blocked_hosts.txt blocked_domains.txtsudo cargo run --release

License

All code in this repository is licensed under GPL-2.0. Contributions submitted to this project are licensed under the same terms.

来源与署名

来源:reason-machines/trending-skills位于skills/littlesnitch-linux提交2384a00

许可证: 无许可证

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