Generating Apex Tests
Generate production-ready Apex test classes and run disciplined test-fix loops with coverage analysis.
Core Principles
- One behavior per method — each test method validates a single scenario. Separate positive, negative, and bulk tests. NEVER combine related-but-distinct inputs (e.g., null and empty) in one method — create
_NullInput_and_EmptyInput_as separate test methods - Bulkify tests — test with 251+ records to cross the 200-record trigger batch boundary. Batch Apex exception: in test context only one
execute()invocation runs, so setbatchSize >= testRecordCount. See references/async-testing.md [blocked] - Isolate test data — every
@TestSetupmust delegate record creation to aTestDataFactoryclass. If none exists, create one first. Never build record lists inline in@TestSetup. Never rely on org data (SeeAllData=false) or hardcoded IDs. For duplicate rule handling, see references/test-data-factory.md [blocked] - Assert meaningfully — use exact expected values computed from test data setup. NEVER use range assertions or approximate counts when the value is deterministic. Always include failure messages. See references/assertion-patterns.md [blocked]
- Use
Assertclass only —Assert.areEqual,Assert.isTrue,Assert.fail, etc. Never use legacySystem.assert,System.assertEquals, orSystem.assertNotEquals - Mock external boundaries — use
HttpCalloutMockfor callouts,Test.setFixedSearchResultsfor SOSL, DML mock classes for database isolation. Design for testability via constructor injection. See references/mocking-patterns.md [blocked] - Test negative paths — validate error handling and exception scenarios, not just happy paths
- Wrap with start/stop — pair
Test.startTest()withTest.stopTest()to reset governor limits and force async execution
Test.startTest() / Test.stopTest()
Always wrap the code under test in Test.startTest() / Test.stopTest():
- Resets governor limits so the test measures only the code under test
- Executes async operations synchronously (queueables, batch, future methods)
- Fires scheduled jobs immediately
Test Code Anti-Patterns
Workflow
Step 1 — Gather Context
Before generating or fixing tests, identify:
- the target production class(es) under test
- existing test classes, test data factories, and setup helpers
- desired test scope (single class, specific methods, suite, or local tests)
- coverage threshold (75% minimum for deploy, 90%+ recommended)
- org alias when running tests against an org
Step 2 — Generate the Test Class
Apply the structure, naming conventions, and patterns from the asset templates and reference docs.
MANDATORY — File Deliverables: For every test class, create BOTH files:
{ClassName}Test.cls— the test class (use assets/test-class-template.cls [blocked] as starting point){ClassName}Test.cls-meta.xml— the metadata file:
If no TestDataFactory exists in the project, create TestDataFactory.cls + TestDataFactory.cls-meta.xml using assets/test-data-factory-template.cls [blocked].
@TestSetup Example
Test Method Structure
Use Given/When/Then:
Negative Test — Exception Pattern
Use try/catch with Assert.fail to verify expected exceptions:
Naming Convention
should[ExpectedResult]_When[Scenario]:shouldSendNotification_WhenOpportunityClosedWon[SubjectOrAction]_[Scenario]_[ExpectedResult]:AccountUpdate_ChangeName_Success
Step 3 — Run Tests
Start narrow when debugging; widen after the fix is stable.
Step 4 — Analyze Results
Focus on:
- failing methods — exception types and stack traces
- uncovered lines and weak coverage areas
- whether failures indicate bad test data, brittle assertions, or broken production logic
- when class metadata crosses from versions 66.0 and below to 67.0 and above, check explicit sharing, decide user/system mode per operation, grant required CRUD/FLS in test users or permission sets, and rerun affected tests
Step 5 — Fix Loop
When tests fail, run a disciplined fix loop (max 3 iterations — stop and surface root cause if still failing):
- Read the failing test class and the class under test
- Identify root cause from error messages and stack traces
- Apply fix — adjust test data or assertions for test-side issues; delegate production code issues to the
platform-apex-generateskill - Rerun the focused test before broader regression
- Repeat until all tests pass, iteration limit reached, or root cause requires design change
Step 6 — Validate Coverage
Cover all paths: positive, negative/exception, bulk (251+ records), callout/async.
What to Test by Component
Output Expectations
Deliverables per test class:
{ClassName}Test.cls+{ClassName}Test.cls-meta.xml(match API version of class under test; default66.0)TestDataFactory.cls+TestDataFactory.cls-meta.xml(if not already present)
Reference Files
Load on demand for detailed patterns:

