Layout
This skill sets grouping, alignment, spacing and responsive structure. It then stress-tests that structure by resizing it, translating it and mirroring it for RTL.
Write every fix in the project's styling system. The numbers below apply only where the project has no spacing scale or density system; otherwise use its tokens. A finding needs a failure you can show, such as a clip, an overlap, a broken mirror or a misread group. A value that differs from these starting points is not one.
Hit areas and focus behavior belong to better-accessibility. Radius, shadows and animation belong to better-ui. Line length, text spacing and truncation mechanics belong to better-typography. The words themselves belong to better-writing.
Group with space, not lines
Space groups first, background shapes second, separator lines last and only where space alone can't carry the structure. The gap between groups is at least 2× the gap within one, so 8px inside a group means 16px or more between groups. Recipes are in grouping-and-alignment.md [blocked].
Keep controls distinct from content
Give every interactive element a background shape, a border, an underline or a consistent placement zone such as a toolbar. A control styled like the static text beside it does not read as a control. See grouping-and-alignment.md [blocked].
Align to shared edges
Pick a small set of alignment edges and put everything on them. Use one project spacing step per level of nesting, where 16px is a useful default. See grouping-and-alignment.md [blocked].
Logical properties for anything that mirrors
Write direction-dependent layout as leading and trailing: margin-inline-start, padding-inline-end, inset-inline-start, text-align: start. Reserve physical left and right for physical geometry such as safe-area insets. The mapping table and the RTL progression rules are in grouping-and-alignment.md [blocked].
Order by importance
The most important content sits near the top and the leading edge. Within a row, identifying content leads and metadata and actions trail. Visual order matches DOM order, so never move content out of source sequence with order, row-reverse or grid placement. See grouping-and-alignment.md [blocked].
One primary action per view
Give each view one primary action. Put secondary actions behind a menu once there are more than 3. Prefer a short view that links deeper over one long view that shows everything at the top level. better-colors owns how color marks the primary action.
Hint at hidden content
Every piece of off-screen or collapsed content needs a visible cue. Use the project's established cue, let the next item peek 16–32px past the scroll edge or show a disclosure control.
A truncated value the user needs has a way to the full text: an expand control, a detail view or a tooltip that is also keyboard-reachable. Truncation mechanics are better-typography's. Recipes are in spacing-and-adaptivity.md [blocked].
Borderless controls need more clearance
Without an established density system, start with 12px between adjacent bordered or filled controls. Leave 24px between the visible glyphs of borderless text and icon controls, counting each button's own padding. Compact layouts may use less, as long as hit areas never overlap and the controls stay distinct. See spacing-and-adaptivity.md [blocked].
Inset buttons from the edges
In content layouts, keep full-width buttons inside the layout margins, starting near 16px inline on mobile. Edge-to-edge actions work when they follow established platform chrome, account for safe areas and stay distinguishable from system UI. See spacing-and-adaptivity.md [blocked].
Content bleeds, controls float
Backgrounds and media extend to the viewport edges. Controls and text stay inside the layout margins and safe areas. env(safe-area-inset-*) is non-zero only when the viewport meta includes viewport-fit=cover.
Content scrolls beneath sticky chrome. Set scroll-padding-block-start to the sticky header's height, so anchored targets and focused elements never land under it. See spacing-and-adaptivity.md [blocked].
Hold structure until it breaks
Breakpoints come from the content, not device presets. Keep the expanded layout until it stops fitting, then collapse. Prefer container queries for component-level adaptation, and test the smallest and largest supported sizes first. See spacing-and-adaptivity.md [blocked].
Plan for growth and clipping
Translated strings grow, and short ones grow proportionally more, so a one-word button label is the riskiest thing on the screen. Size text containers with max-width and min-height, never a fixed width or height, and let rows wrap. Test with pseudo-localization and one long-string locale such as German.
Never park a critical action where resizing, zoom or scrolling clips it. Keep it in the normal flow or in stable chrome. See spacing-and-adaptivity.md [blocked].
Before you finish
Reporting
Severity. HIGH blocks content or an action at a supported viewport. Clipping or overlap at 320px width or 200% zoom is always HIGH, as is truncated content with no way to the full value. So is content past a scroll edge or behind a disclosure with no visible cue. MEDIUM harms hierarchy, reading order or adaptability. LOW is isolated alignment or spacing polish.
Verification. Without a browser, check logical properties in place of physical ones, container and media queries against the supported viewport list and DOM order against visual order. With one, check every supported width, 320px, 200% zoom and the RTL mirror. Report every check you could not run as Not verified.
Format. Group findings under the principle each violates, ordered by severity, one row per root cause listing every location it appears in:
Location is path/to/file:line. Why names the principle and the user impact.
End with Block when any HIGH remains, Approve otherwise, leaving the rest in the table as work to do. Never Approve coverage you did not inspect. With nothing to report, state "No actionable layout findings" and report verification.
