Sap Abap

" Elementary typesDATA num TYPE i VALUE 123.DATA txt TYPE string VALUE `Hello`.DATA flag TYPE abap_bool VALUE abap_true.
" Inline declarationsDATA(result) = some_method( ).FINAL(immutable) = `constant value`.              " [7.50+] Use DATA(...) on 7.40
" StructuresDATA: BEGIN OF struc,        id   TYPE i,        name TYPE string,      END OF struc.
" Internal tablesDATA itab TYPE TABLE OF string WITH EMPTY KEY.DATA sorted_tab TYPE SORTED TABLE OF struct WITH UNIQUE KEY id.DATA hashed_tab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF struct WITH UNIQUE KEY id.

" Create with VALUEitab = VALUE #( ( col1 = 1 col2 = `a` )                ( col1 = 2 col2 = `b` ) ).
" Read operationsDATA(line) = itab[ 1 ].                    " By indexDATA(line2) = itab[ col1 = 1 ].            " By keyREAD TABLE itab INTO wa INDEX 1.READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs>) WITH KEY col1 = 1.
" Modify operationsMODIFY TABLE itab FROM VALUE #( col1 = 1 col2 = `updated` ).itab[ 1 ]-col2 = `changed`.
" Loop processingLOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>).  <line>-col2 = to_upper( <line>-col2 ).ENDLOOP.
" DeleteDELETE itab WHERE col1 > 5.DELETE TABLE itab FROM VALUE #( col1 = 1 ).

" SELECT into tableSELECT * FROM dbtab INTO TABLE @DATA(result_tab).   " @ syntax: 7.40 SP05+
" SELECT with conditionsSELECT carrid, connid, fldate                          " comma syntax: 7.40 SP05+  FROM zdemo_abap_fli  WHERE carrid = 'LH'  INTO TABLE @DATA(flights).
" Aggregate functionsSELECT carrid, COUNT(*) AS cnt, AVG( price ) AS avg_price  FROM zdemo_abap_fli  GROUP BY carrid  INTO TABLE @DATA(stats).
" JOIN operationsSELECT a~carrid, a~connid, b~carrname  FROM zdemo_abap_fli AS a  INNER JOIN zdemo_abap_carr AS b ON a~carrid = b~carrid  INTO TABLE @DATA(joined).
" Modification statementsINSERT dbtab FROM @struc.UPDATE dbtab FROM @struc.MODIFY dbtab FROM TABLE @itab.DELETE FROM dbtab WHERE condition.

" VALUE - structures and tablesDATA(struc) = VALUE struct_type( comp1 = 1 comp2 = `text` ).DATA(itab) = VALUE itab_type( ( a = 1 ) ( a = 2 ) ( a = 3 ) ).
" NEW - create instancesDATA(dref) = NEW i( 123 ).DATA(oref) = NEW zcl_my_class( param = value ).
" CORRESPONDING - structure/table mappingtarget = CORRESPONDING #( source ).target = CORRESPONDING #( source MAPPING target_field = source_field ).
" COND/SWITCH - conditional valuesDATA(text) = COND string( WHEN flag = abap_true THEN `Yes` ELSE `No` ).DATA(result) = SWITCH #( code WHEN 1 THEN `A` WHEN 2 THEN `B` ELSE `X` ).
" CONV - type conversionDATA(dec) = CONV decfloat34( 1 / 3 ).
" FILTER - table filteringDATA(filtered) = FILTER #( itab WHERE status = 'A' ).
" REDUCE - aggregationDATA(sum) = REDUCE i( INIT s = 0 FOR wa IN itab NEXT s = s + wa-amount ).

" Class definitionCLASS zcl_example DEFINITION PUBLIC FINAL CREATE PUBLIC.  PUBLIC SECTION.    METHODS constructor IMPORTING iv_name TYPE string.    METHODS get_name RETURNING VALUE(rv_name) TYPE string.    CLASS-METHODS factory RETURNING VALUE(ro_instance) TYPE REF TO zcl_example.  PRIVATE SECTION.    DATA mv_name TYPE string.ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_example IMPLEMENTATION.  METHOD constructor.    mv_name = iv_name.  ENDMETHOD.  METHOD get_name.    rv_name = mv_name.  ENDMETHOD.  METHOD factory.    ro_instance = NEW #( `Default` ).  ENDMETHOD.ENDCLASS.
" Interface implementationCLASS zcl_impl DEFINITION PUBLIC.  PUBLIC SECTION.    INTERFACES zif_my_interface.ENDCLASS.

TRY.    DATA(result) = risky_operation( ).  CATCH cx_sy_zerodivide INTO DATA(exc).    DATA(msg) = exc->get_text( ).  CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(any_exc).    " Handle any exception  CLEANUP.    " Cleanup codeENDTRY.
" Raising exceptionsRAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_my_exception  EXPORTING textid = zcx_my_exception=>error_occurred.
" With COND/SWITCHDATA(val) = COND #( WHEN valid THEN result                    ELSE THROW zcx_my_exception( ) ).

" ConcatenationDATA(full) = first && ` ` && last.txt &&= ` appended`.
" String templatesDATA(msg) = |Name: { name }, Date: { date DATE = ISO }|.
" FunctionsDATA(upper) = to_upper( text ).DATA(len) = strlen( text ).DATA(found) = find( val = text sub = `search` ).DATA(replaced) = replace( val = text sub = `old` with = `new` occ = 0 ).DATA(parts) = segment( val = text index = 2 sep = `,` ).
" FIND/REPLACE statementsFIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF pattern IN text RESULTS DATA(matches).REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES OF old IN text WITH new.

" Field symbolsFIELD-SYMBOLS <fs> TYPE any.ASSIGN struct-component TO <fs>.ASSIGN struct-(comp_name) TO <fs>.  " Dynamic component
" Data referencesDATA dref TYPE REF TO data.dref = REF #( variable ).CREATE DATA dref TYPE (type_name).dref->* = value.
" RTTI - Get type informationDATA(tdo) = cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_data( dobj ).DATA(components) = CAST cl_abap_structdescr( tdo )->components.
" RTTC - Create types dynamicallyDATA(elem_type) = cl_abap_elemdescr=>get_string( ).CREATE DATA dref TYPE HANDLE elem_type.

" Using VALUE with OPTIONALDATA(line) = VALUE #( itab[ key = value ] OPTIONAL ).
" Using VALUE with DEFAULTDATA(line) = VALUE #( itab[ 1 ] DEFAULT VALUE #( ) ).
" Check before accessIF line_exists( itab[ key = value ] ).  DATA(line) = itab[ key = value ].ENDIF.

DATA(result) = NEW zcl_builder( )  ->set_name( `Test` )  ->set_value( 123 )  ->build( ).

" Transform tableDATA(transformed) = VALUE itab_type(  FOR wa IN source_itab  ( id = wa-id name = to_upper( wa-name ) ) ).
" With WHEREDATA(filtered) = VALUE itab_type(  FOR wa IN source WHERE ( status = 'A' )  ( wa ) ).
" With INDEX INTODATA(numbered) = VALUE itab_type(  FOR wa IN source INDEX INTO idx  ( line_no = idx data = wa ) ).

" Use released APIs onlyDATA(uuid) = cl_system_uuid=>create_uuid_x16_static( ).DATA(date) = xco_cp=>sy->date( )->as( xco_cp_time=>format->iso_8601_extended )->value.DATA(time) = xco_cp=>sy->time( )->as( xco_cp_time=>format->iso_8601_extended )->value.
" Output in cloud (if_oo_adt_classrun)out->write( result ).
" Avoid: sy-datum, sy-uzeit, DESCRIBE TABLE, WRITE, MOVE...TO

" Instead of FINAL (7.50+):FINAL(value) = `constant`.              " 7.50+DATA(value) = `constant`.               " 7.40 compatible
" Instead of host expressions (7.50+):SELECT * FROM dbtab WHERE col = @( lv_val ).   " 7.50+SELECT * FROM dbtab WHERE col = @lv_val.        " 7.40 compatible
" Instead of UNION (7.50+):SELECT a FROM tab1 UNION SELECT a FROM tab2.    " 7.50+" Use two separate SELECTs on 7.40 and combine in ABAP:SELECT a FROM tab1 INTO TABLE @DATA(r1).SELECT a FROM tab2 INTO TABLE @DATA(r2).DATA(combined) = VALUE itab_type( FOR l1 IN r1 ( l1 )                                  FOR l2 IN r2 ( l2 ) ).
" Instead of IS INSTANCE OF (7.50+):IF oref IS INSTANCE OF zcl_my_class.    " 7.50+" 7.40 alternative — use typed CAST with exception handling:TRY.    DATA(lo) = CAST zcl_my_class( oref ).  " 7.40+  CATCH cx_sy_move_cast_error.    " oref is not compatible with zcl_my_classENDTRY.
" Instead of CTEs WITH (7.51+):WITH +cte AS ( SELECT ... ) SELECT ...  " 7.51+" Use subqueries or temporary tables on 7.40