Cmake

mohitmishra786/low-level-dev-skills/skills/build-systems/cmake

作者 mohitmishra786bdc58472fa9f無授權條款253 個星標收錄於 2026年10月9日更新於 2026年10月9日儲存庫3 個月前更新

CMake build system skill for C/C++ projects. Use when writing or refactoring CMakeLists.txt, configuring out-of-source builds, selecting generators (Ninja, Make, VS), managing targets and dependencies with target_link_libraries, integrating external packages via find_package or FetchContent, enabling sanitizers, setting up toolchain files for cross-compilation, or exporting CMake packages. Activates on queries about CMakeLists.txt, cmake configure errors, target properties, install rules, CPack, or CMake presets.

僅含說明Software Development
AI 產生的概覽

引導代理使用現代目標優先的 CMake 建置 C/C++ 專案，涵蓋建置、相依性、消毒器與交叉編譯。

功能
此技能提供撰寫與重構 CMakeLists.txt 的參考說明，採用現代目標優先的 CMake 寫法。內容涵蓋源外建置、產生器選擇、靜態函式庫與共享函式庫、透過 find_package、FetchContent 與 pkg-config 管理相依性、消毒器選項、交叉編譯工具鏈檔案、CMake Presets 以及常見設定錯誤。它也會指向一份隨附的範本參考文件。
適用情境
適用於撰寫或重構 CMakeLists.txt、設定源外建置、選擇 Ninja、Make 或 Visual Studio 等產生器，或管理目標與相依性的情境。也適合啟用消毒器、設定交叉編譯工具鏈檔案、匯出 CMake 套件以及排查 CMake 設定錯誤。
執行需求
不隨附指令碼，僅為說明性內容。需要已安裝 CMake（多數功能需 3.20 或更新版本）與 C/C++ 工具鏈；僅在使用 FetchContent 取得相依性時需要網路存取。

CMake

Purpose

Guide agents through modern (target-first) CMake for C/C++ projects: out-of-source builds, dependency management, generator selection, and integration with CI and IDEs.

Triggers

  • "How do I write a CMakeLists.txt for my project?"
  • "How do I add an external library with CMake?"
  • "CMake can't find my package / library"
  • "How do I enable sanitizers in CMake?"
  • "How do I cross-compile with CMake?"
  • "How do I use CMake Presets?"

Workflow

1. Modern CMake principles

  • Define targets, not variables. Use target_* commands.
  • Use PUBLIC/PRIVATE/INTERFACE to control property propagation.
  • Never use include_directories() or link_libraries() (legacy).
  • Minimum CMake version: cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20) for most features.

2. Minimal project

cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)project(MyApp VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C CXX)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
add_executable(myapp    src/main.c    src/utils.c)
target_include_directories(myapp PRIVATE include)target_compile_options(myapp PRIVATE -Wall -Wextra)

3. Static / shared libraries

cmake
# Static libraryadd_library(mylib STATIC lib/foo.c lib/bar.c)target_include_directories(mylib    PUBLIC  include      # consumers get this include path    PRIVATE src          # only mylib itself sees this)
# Shared libraryadd_library(myshared SHARED lib/foo.c)set_target_properties(myshared PROPERTIES    VERSION   1.0.0    SOVERSION 1)
# Link executable against libraryadd_executable(myapp src/main.c)target_link_libraries(myapp PRIVATE mylib)

4. Configure and build

bash
# Out-of-source build (always do this)cmake -S . -B buildcmake --build build
# With generatorcmake -S . -B build -G Ninjacmake --build build -- -j$(nproc)
# Debug buildcmake -S . -B build-debug -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debugcmake --build build-debug
# Releasecmake -S . -B build-release -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Releasecmake --build build-release
# Installcmake --install build --prefix /usr/local

Build types: Debug, Release, RelWithDebInfo, MinSizeRel.

5. External dependencies

find_package (system-installed libraries)
cmake
find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)target_link_libraries(myapp PRIVATE OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto)
find_package(Threads REQUIRED)target_link_libraries(myapp PRIVATE Threads::Threads)
find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)target_link_libraries(myapp PRIVATE ZLIB::ZLIB)
FetchContent (download and build dependency)
cmake
include(FetchContent)
FetchContent_Declare(    googletest    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git    GIT_TAG        v1.14.0)FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
add_executable(mytest test/test_foo.cpp)target_link_libraries(mytest PRIVATE GTest::gtest_main mylib)
pkg-config fallback
cmake
find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)pkg_check_modules(LIBFOO REQUIRED libfoo>=1.2)target_link_libraries(myapp PRIVATE ${LIBFOO_LIBRARIES})target_include_directories(myapp PRIVATE ${LIBFOO_INCLUDE_DIRS})

6. Compiler options by configuration

cmake
target_compile_options(myapp PRIVATE    $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-g -Og -fsanitize=address>    $<$<CONFIG:Release>:-O2 -DNDEBUG>    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-fanalyzer>    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-Weverything>)
target_link_options(myapp PRIVATE    $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-fsanitize=address>)

Generator expressions: $<condition:value> evaluated at build time.

7. Enable sanitizers

cmake
option(ENABLE_ASAN "Enable AddressSanitizer" OFF)
if(ENABLE_ASAN)    target_compile_options(myapp PRIVATE -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g -O1)    target_link_options(myapp PRIVATE -fsanitize=address)endif()

Build: cmake -DENABLE_ASAN=ON -S . -B build-asan && cmake --build build-asan

8. Cross-compilation toolchain file

cmake
# toolchain-aarch64.cmakeset(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR aarch64)set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER   aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc)set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER aarch64-linux-gnu-g++)set(CMAKE_SYSROOT /opt/aarch64-sysroot)set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
bash
cmake -S . -B build-arm -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain-aarch64.cmake

9. CMake Presets (CMake 3.20+)

json
{  "version": 6,  "configurePresets": [    {      "name": "release",      "displayName": "Release",      "generator": "Ninja",      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/release",      "cacheVariables": {        "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release",        "CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS": "ON"      }    },    {      "name": "debug",      "displayName": "Debug",      "generator": "Ninja",      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/debug",      "cacheVariables": {        "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug",        "ENABLE_ASAN": "ON"      }    }  ],  "buildPresets": [    { "name": "release", "configurePreset": "release" },    { "name": "debug",   "configurePreset": "debug" }  ]}
bash
cmake --preset releasecmake --build --preset release

10. Common errors

ErrorCauseFix
Could not find package FooPackage not installed or wrong prefixInstall dev package; set CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
No CMAKE_CXX_COMPILERNo C++ compiler foundInstall g++/clang++; check PATH
target_link_libraries called with wrong number of argumentsMissing PUBLIC/PRIVATE/INTERFACEAdd the keyword
Cannot find source fileTypo or wrong relative pathCheck path relative to CMakeLists.txt
generator expression errorWrong $<> syntaxCheck CMake docs for expression name

For a complete CMakeLists.txt template, see references/templates.md [blocked].

Related skills

  • Use skills/build-systems/ninja for Ninja generator details
  • Use skills/build-systems/make for Make generator
  • Use skills/compilers/cross-gcc for cross-compilation toolchain setup
  • Use skills/runtimes/sanitizers for sanitizer integration details

來源與署名

來源：mohitmishra786/low-level-dev-skills位於skills/build-systems/cmake提交bdc5847

授權條款： 無授權條款

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