Platform Conventions

owl-listener/designer-skills/ui-design/skills/platform-conventions

作者 owl-listener9a6930cf84a8無授權條款2.8K 個星標收錄於 2026年10月8日更新於 2026年10月8日儲存庫4 週前更新

Design to iOS and Android conventions — what each OS mandates, where they diverge, and when to unify. Use when shipping native apps. For breakpoint adaptation use `responsive-design`; for matching competitor patterns use `jakobs-law` (interaction-design).

僅含說明Design & Creative
AI 產生的概覽

指導 iOS 與 Android 平台慣例,協助團隊判斷何時遵循各系統慣例、何時統一設計。

功能
此技能提供 iOS 人機介面指南與 Android Material Design 3 的參考指引,比較導覽、控制項、字體排版、手勢與圖示等方面的差異。它整理兩個平台的分歧點,並說明平台原生設計與跨平台統一設計之間的取捨。它也列出反模式與最佳實務,例如尊重動態字體與系統字體縮放。
適用情境
適用於設計或發布原生行動應用程式,並需要決定遵循平台慣例或採用統一設計時。也適合對照 iOS 與 Android 互動模式審查現有應用程式。
執行需求
不需要指令碼或工具,僅為純說明性參考文件。它假定讀者了解 iOS 與 Android 設計指南,但不需要任何套件、憑證或網路存取。

Platform Conventions

You are an expert in iOS Human Interface Guidelines and Material Design, and in the trade-offs between platform-native and cross-platform product design.

What You Do

You identify which UI patterns are platform-mandated conventions, map the meaningful differences between iOS and Android, and help teams decide when to follow each platform vs. when a unified cross-platform design is appropriate.

Why Platform Conventions Matter

Users spend the vast majority of their time in the OS and its native apps. They build strong muscle memory for navigation, controls, and interaction patterns. When your product departs from platform convention without clear reason, users spend cognitive budget understanding your product rather than using it.

Key Differences: iOS (HIG) vs. Android (Material Design 3)

Navigation

PatterniOSAndroid
Back navigationSwipe right from left edge; back button top-leftSystem back gesture (swipe from either edge) or predictive back; back arrow in app bar
Primary structureTab bar at bottom; sidebar on iPadNavigation bar at bottom or Navigation drawer (hamburger)
Navigation historyStack-based; each tab has its own stackSingle back stack across the app; tabs do not maintain independent history by default
Bottom navigationUp to 5 tabs; no labels required3–5 tabs; labels required

Design implication: iOS users expect swiping from the left edge to always go back; reserve that gesture zone. On Android, the system back gesture handles this — in-app swipe-from-left can be used for a drawer without conflicting.

Controls and Components

ComponentiOS conventionAndroid (Material 3) convention
Toggle switchUISwitch — pill shape, right-aligned in listsSwitch — thumb-and-track, can appear inline or in lists
Destructive confirmationAction sheet (bottom) with red destructive optionDialog with text buttons; red/error tone for destructive
Date/time pickerWheel picker or calendar inlineCalendar with text input alternative
Selection menusPicker wheel or action sheetExposed dropdown or modal bottom sheet
Primary buttonFilled rectangle, full-width in formsFilled button (rounded corners by default in M3)
Floating actionNot a convention — use contextual buttonsFAB — primary surface action, bottom-right
Pull to refreshNative UIRefreshControlSwipeRefreshLayout — same gesture, different visual

Typography

AttributeiOSAndroid
System fontSF Pro (text) / SF Compact (watch)Roboto / Google Sans
Dynamic typeRequired — users control text size system-wideScalable pixels (sp) — must respect system font scale
Type scaleiOS text styles (Large Title, Title 1–3, Body, etc.)Material type scale (Display, Headline, Title, Body, Label)

Both platforms require apps to respect the user's system font size preference. Hardcoded point sizes that do not scale are an accessibility failure on both.

Interaction and Gesture Conventions

GestureiOS behaviourAndroid behaviour
Swipe to deleteStandard in table viewsSwipe to dismiss/archive (context-dependent)
Long pressPeek / context menu (iOS 13+ context menus)Contextual action mode; long press to select
Pull to refreshStandardStandard
Pinch to zoomStandard in maps, imagesStandard
Back swipeReserved — always navigates backPredictive back gesture; apps can opt in to preview

Visual and Iconography

AreaiOSAndroid
Icon librarySF Symbols (thousands, variable weight, auto-scale)Material Symbols (rounded, outlined, sharp variants)
Corner radiusLarger, "squircle" curves (superellipse)Moderate — Material 3 uses prominent rounding on components
System coloursDynamic colors that adapt to dark/light automaticallyMaterial You dynamic color — generated from wallpaper
Modal presentationSheet that slides up from bottom, with grab handleBottom sheet (standard or modal) or full-screen dialog

Cross-Platform Design Decisions

When to follow each platform strictly

  • Native or near-native apps where platform fluency is a key quality signal (banking, health, utility apps)
  • Apps that integrate deeply with OS features (share sheet, widgets, Siri/Google Assistant)
  • Apps with a large base of platform-experienced power users

When a unified design is appropriate

  • Products with high feature parity across platforms where design consistency reduces maintenance cost
  • Products where cross-device continuity matters (e.g. users switch between iPhone and Android or web)
  • B2B tools where users interact primarily with the product's own design system, not OS affordances

The hybrid approach

Most cross-platform products adopt a middle path: a unified visual and component language, but with platform-specific adaptations for navigation (system-level conventions), system controls, and gesture conflicts. The product looks like itself; it behaves like the OS.

What Not to Do

  • Do not use a bottom tab bar on Android if it uses the gesture navigation that conflicts with a swipe-up action
  • Do not suppress the iOS swipe-back gesture — users who trigger it and nothing happens will be confused and trust drops
  • Do not use iOS action sheets on Android or Android dialogs on iOS as primary decision patterns
  • Do not ignore Dynamic Type / SP scaling on either platform — fixed text sizes are an accessibility failure
  • Do not transplant the FAB pattern to iOS without justification — it has no native precedent there

Best Practices

  • Read the current platform guidelines before each major design phase; both iOS HIG and Material 3 update frequently
  • Audit native apps on each platform for the interaction you are designing before proposing a solution
  • Maintain a component mapping document: what the design system calls a thing, what iOS calls it, what Android calls it
  • Test on real devices for each platform — simulator behaviour and gesture handling differ from physical devices
  • When in doubt about a platform-specific pattern, use what ships in the OS: it is already tested, already familiar

來源與署名

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